Forthbank Wind Energy Development - Partnerships for Renewables

Forthbank Wind Energy Development
15 Gilbert, G., Gibbons, D.W., and Evans, J. (1998). Bird Monitoring Methods. The Royal
Society for the Protection of Birds.
16 Hardey, J., Crick, H., Wernham, C., Riley, H., Etheridge, B. & Thompson, D. (2009).
Raptors: a field guide for surveys and monitoring. The Stationery Office, Edinburgh.
17 Band, W., Madders, M. & Whitfield, D.P. (2007). Developing field and analytical methods to
assess avian collision risk at wind farms. In, de Lucas, M., Jans, G. & Ferrer, M. (eds), Birds
and Wind Power. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
18 Institute of Ecology and Environmental Management (2006). Guidelines for Ecological
Impacts Assessment in the UK. IEEM, Winchester.
19 Nature Conservancy Council. 1989 (revised 1998). Guidelines for Selection of Biological
SSSIs. Nature Conservancy Council, Peterborough.
20 Criteria for defining duration and sensitivity are based on tables provided by Mike Madders
of Natural Research (Projects) Ltd.
21 Waterfowl in this context includes grebes, divers, cormorants, geese, ducks, and waders.
22 A registration consists of an individual observation of a single bird or flock.
23 The Risk Window is the appropriate concept for directional species like pink-footed goose,
while Risk Volume is the correct concept for species such as peregrine for which the nondirectional
(or random) approach is used.
24
Scottish Natural Heritage 2010. Use of avoidance rates in the SNH Wind Farm Collision Risk
Model. SNH Avoidance Rate Information and Guidance Note.
25 Forrester, R. W., Andrews, I. J., McInerny. C. J., Murray, R. D., McGowan, R. Y., Zonfrillo,
B., Betts, M.W., Jardine, D.C. & Grundy, D.S. (eds) (2007). The Birds of Scotland. The
Scottish Ornithologists’ Club, Aberlady
26 Calbrade, N.; Holt, C.; Austin, G.; Mellan, H.; Hearn, R.; Stroud, D. Wotton, S. and
Musgrove, A.J. 2010. Waterbirds in the UK 2008/09: The Wetland Bird Survey.
BTO/WWT/RSPB/JNCC, Thetford.
27
http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/revealed-22-million-birds-shot-each-year-
411917.html
28 Drewitt, A.L. & Langston, R.H.W. (2006) Assessing the impacts of wind farms on birds. Ibis,
148: 29–42.
29 Scottish Natural Heritage 2000. Windfarms and Birds: Calculating a theoretical collision risk
assuming no avoiding action. SNH Guidance Note Series.
November 2010 Chapter 12 Page 93
Copyright Partnerships for Renewables Development Co. Ltd 2010 ©