Towards a Baltic Sea Region Strategy in Critical ... - Helsinki.fi

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CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION Oil tanker traffic among cargo and passenger ships The EU’s external dependence on energy is increasing and the Russian oil transported by sea plays ever more important role. Europe represents about a third of the global market for crude oil. Ninety percent of that oil and refined products are transported by sea to and from Europe. The volume of oil transport is especially heavy in the Gulf of Finland, because Russia is building more port infrastructure here. Many estimates say that the overall traffic and transportation of potentially hazardous cargo, especially oil, have more than doubled since the late 1990s. This has increased the volume of traffic and has made the traffic routes increasingly congested, especially during winter. Furthermore, the role of the Gulf of Finland has increased, because Russia wants to transport oil through its own ports, thus diminishing the importance of the Baltic States as oil transit countries. The increase in the volume of transported oil will most probably also be the trend in the future (Ministry of Transport and Communications in Finland 2005), as shown in the figure below. There are several oil ports on the shores of the Gulf of Finland, including Muuga, Primorsk, Porvoo, Naantali and St Petersburg, which are among the biggest on the Baltic Sea (HELCOM 2006b). The turnover of Muuga, Primorsk, Porvoo and St Petersburg oil terminals has grown by over 250% since 2000, and over 400% since 1997 (HELCOM 2005). Primorsk has experienced the largest growth due to the fact that its oil terminal, connected to the Baltic Pipeline System (BPS), was opened only late 2001 (Figure 2). Figure 3 shows the amounts of overall traffic, i.e. vessels of all types entering and leaving the largest ports of the Gulf of Finland. It describes well the equation of growing cargo traffic combined with the heavy passenger traffic and oil transportation forming the smallest part. Oil transportation in the Gulf of Finland through major oil-terminal ports 1995-2005 and estimated development to year 2015 300 250 Others (smaller oil ports)*) Tallinn Million tons 200 150 100 Sillamäe Ust-Luga St.Petersburg Primorsk 50 Vysotsk Porvoo 0 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Diagram edited by Nordregio Estimations made by VTT and SYKE 2007 Data source: www.transneft.ru, www.seanews.ru, www.rzd-partner.com Figure IV—2 Oil transportation in the Gulf of Finland through major oil-terminal ports 1995- 2005 and estimated development to year 2015. (SYKE and VTT) 146 NORDREGIO REPORT 2007:5
CHAPTER IV: OIL TRANSPORTATION AND MARITIME SAFETY Traffic through the major ports in the Gulf of Finland 2006 St. Petersburg(RU) 26502 Helsinki(FI) 23656 Ports with traffic > 500 vessels Tallinn(EE) Kotka(FI) Hanko(FI) Muuga(EE) Paldiski(EE) Hamina(FI) Vysotsk(RU) Skoldvik(FI) Primorsk(RU) Vyborg(RU) Inkoo(FI) 5152 3874 3666 3610 2584 1928 1690 1315 1210 888 16156 Loviisa(FI) 634 Ust-Luga(RU) 559 0 5 000 10 000 15 000 20 000 25 000 30 000 Number of vessels (Incoming + outgoing) Data source: Finnish M aritime Administration Estonian M aritime Administration Eurostat www.ampvyborg.ru Figure IV—3 Traffic through the major ports in the Gulf of Finland 2006. Number of passengers travelling through the ports of Helsinki and Tallinn 10 000 9 000 No. of passengers x 1000 8 000 7 000 6 000 5 000 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 2 001 2 002 2 003 2 004 2 005 2 006 Year Helsinki Tallinn Data source: Finnish M aritime Administration Estonian M aritime A dministratio n Euro stat Figure IV—4 Number of passengers travelling through the ports of Helsinki and Tallinn. NORDREGIO REPORT 2007:5 147
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Towards a Baltic Sea Region Strateg
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Nordregio Report 2007:5 ISSN 1403-2
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5.4 Impacts caused by terrorism, na
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CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION
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PREFACE PREFACE With the Commission
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PREFACE The study includes tens of
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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I:
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CHAPTER II: ELECTRICITY 2 ELECTRIC
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CHAPTER II: ELECTRICITY electricity
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CHAPTER II: ELECTRICITY Recent clim
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CHAPTER II: ELECTRICITY Figure II
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CHAPTER II: ELECTRICITY possibiliti
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CHAPTER II: ELECTRICITY continental
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CHAPTER II: ELECTRICITY centres etc
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CHAPTER III: INFORMATION AND COMMUN
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