Towards a Baltic Sea Region Strategy in Critical ... - Helsinki.fi

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5.4 Impacts caused by terrorism, natural disasters and dumped munitions.................. 178 5.5 Critical infrastructure protection strategy ............................................................. 182 CHAPTER VI: WATER ...........................................................................................................187 6 POTENTIAL RISKS FOR SHALLOW GROUNDWATER AQUIFERS IN COASTAL AREAS OF THE BALTIC SEA: A CASE STUDY IN THE HANKO AREA IN SOUTH FINLAND .............................. 189 6.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 189 6.2 Methodology and materials ................................................................................... 197 6.3 Hanko aquifer........................................................................................................ 198 6.4 Risk assessment in the Hanko area ........................................................................ 204 6.5 Risk management in the Hanko area...................................................................... 209 6.6 Adaptation of groundwater protection strategy in Hanko and other coastal aquifers in Finland .................................................................................................211 6.7 Conclusion............................................................................................................. 213 BIBLIOGRAPHY .....................................................................................................................215
LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND FACT BOXES LIST OF FIGURES, TABLES AND FACT BOXES FIGURE I—1 THE BALTIC SEA REGION....................................................................................... 6 FIGURE I—2 POPULATION DENSITY IN THE BSR ......................................................................... 8 FIGURE I—3 CITY POPULATION IN THE BSR ............................................................................... 9 FIGURE I—4 GDP (PPS) PER CAPITA 2004 IN EUROPE................................................................ 10 FIGURE I—5 DOMINANT BRANCH OF EMPLOYMENT IN THE BSR ............................................... 11 FIGURE I—6 RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF EUROPEAN STOCK EXCHANGES .................................. 12 FIGURE I—7 THE NORWEGIAN METHOD OF DEFINING CRITICALITY.......................................... 25 FIGURE II—1 ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN FINLAND YEAR 2006...................................................... 59 FIGURE II—2 THE PEAK LOAD TREND ...................................................................................... 61 FIGURE II—3 THE ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION GRID IN THE BSR.............................................. 63 FIGURE II—4 STATE OF POWER SYSTEM ................................................................................... 64 FIGURE II—5 MEASURES TAKEN BY RESCUE SERVICES ............................................................. 70 FIGURE II—6 THE CIVIL PROTECTION INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE POWER SUPPLY NETWORK AFFECTED .......................................................................................................... 72 FIGURE II—7 THE CIVIL PROTECTION AND RADIO COMMUNICATION AFFECTED ......................... 73 FIGURE II—8 CUSTOMERS WITHOUT ELECTRICITY IN CLASS I MAJOR STORM............................. 77 FIGURE II—9 CUSTOMERS WITHOUT ELECTRICITY IN CLASS II MAJOR STORM ........................... 78 FIGURE II—10 CUSTOMERS WITHOUT ELECTRICITY IN CLASS III MAJOR STORM .......................... 79 FIGURE III—1 SECTORS WHOSE OPERATIONS ARE STRONGLY DEPENDENT ON ICT ....................... 85 FIGURE III—2 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIOUS THREAT-RELATED CONCEPTS .......................... 87 FIGURE III—3 HIGH-LEVEL CONCEPT MAP DEPICTING VARIOUS ASPECTS OF THREATS ON CII ...... 88 FIGURE III—4 A LOW-LEVEL CONCEPT MAPPING OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF REALIZED THREATS ............................................................................................................ 90 FIGURE III—5 A LOW-LEVEL CONCEPT MAPPING OF THE POSSIBLE NATURE OF THREATS............. 91 FIGURE III—6 FIGURE III—7 EXAMPLE OF TYPE OF AUTHORIZED ACCESS ACCORDED TO DIFFERENT GROUPS ............................................................................................................. 93 CONCEPT MAPPING OF MALICIOUS LOGIC IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS ................................................................................ 97 FIGURE III—8 CERT-FI REPORTED INCIDENTS BETWEEN IN THE PERIOD BETWEEN 2002 AND 2007................................................................................................................ 100 FIGURE III—9 ILLUSTRATION OF THE DIVERSE ICT LANDSCAPE................................................ 101 FIGURE III—10 HANDHELD AND VEHICLE-MOUNTED TETRA MOBILE STATIONS .......................... 104 FIGURE III—11 EXAMPLE ARCHITECTURE OF A TETRA NETWORK............................................... 105 FIGURE III—12 BASIC CONFIGURATION OF VARIOUS TETRA AIR INTERFACES .............................. 107 FIGURE III—13 TYPICAL SERVICES FOR TETRA USERS. AN EXAMPLE SCREENSHOT OF A SHORT DATA SERVICE MESSAGE IS SHOWN INSET.......................................................... 108 FIGURE III—14 THREE CALL TYPES SUPPORTED IN TETRA NETWORKS........................................ 109 FIGURE III—15 POSITIONING OF VIRVE TETRA INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE BREAKDOWN OF VIRVE USER GROUPS......................................................................................... 109 FIGURE III—16 ITU-T X.805 SECURITY ARCHITECTURE FOR END-TO-END NETWORK SECURITY. ...111 FIGURE III—17 NINE UNIQUE PERSPECTIVES OR MODULES OF THE ITU-T X.805 SECURITY ARCHITECTURE ................................................................................................ 113 FIGURE III—18 BASIC STEPS TAKEN IN ENCRYPTED COMMUNICATIONS...................................... 114 FIGURE III—19 FIGURE III—20 IMPLEMENTATION REGIONS FOR AIR INTERFACE AND END-TO-END ENCRYPTION SCHEMES ..................................................................................... 115 POSSIBLE TETRA NETWORK SURVIVABILITY MECHANISMS BASED ON BASE STATION FALLBACK MODE, DMO AND MULTIHOMED CELLULAR NETWORK ARRANGEMENT ................................................................................................ 116 NORDREGIO REPORT 2007:5 V
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Page 8 and 9: CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION
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CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION
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CHAPTER VI: WATER CHAPTER VI: WATER
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