Towards a Baltic Sea Region Strategy in Critical ... - Helsinki.fi

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CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION Table I—11 Regional councils, institutions and networks in the BSR from the perspective of the EU definition of the CI sectors. 38 EU I Energy II Nuclear industry III ICT IV Water V Food VI Health VII Financial VIII Transport ND (x) x x (x) x x INTERREG IV x x x x CBSS x x x x IX Chemical industry NCM x x x x x x x x (x) (x) AC (x) BEAC x x x x (x) x x (x) HELCOM (x) x BASREC x (x) VASAB x x x BCM x (x) (x) x x Baltic 21 x (x) (x) x x x x (x) NC x (x) x BA x x x x BSPC (x) x x x BSSSC x x x B7 x x x CBMR-BSC x (x) x UBC x x (x) x (x) x BDF x x X Space XI Research facilities 38 This listing is the author’s subjective evaluation of the priorities of the councils, networks and institutions on the basis of the information on their respective websites indicating the priority areas, working groups, commissions, projects etc. It makes an effort to match these organisational priorities and activities only from the perspective of those CI sectors and sub-sectors, which are defined in the EU context, summarised in Table 3. When expressed as x, this means that there are clearly identified activities, like ongoing or planned working groups and projects. When in brackets (x), this indicates that there were some relevant or related activities identified or direct issue-area linkages. NORDREGIO REPORT 2007:5 52
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION necessary information and co-ordination, caused by the tendency to cut the overhead costs of the autonomous centres. All of these notions are the reality in the BSR. Thus, while the region has learned to live with complexity and diversity, and to appreciate it, the issue that an ‘umbrella’ or ‘soft coordinator’ would be needed is still often raised by the institutions themselves. The best candidate for this position would undoubtedly be the CBSS, because of all the regional organizations it is a politically high-level intergovernmental organization covering the widest possible territory, that is, all the 11 BSR countries as well as including the European Commission as a full member; its functional specialisation is not limited to any specific field but can be flexible and widened; and it already today is closely following and monitoring the developments in the most organizations by the virtue of been an observer or strategic partner to them. From the CIP perspective, the CBSS might well have an overall role of identifying the state-of-the-art in the region, the specific regional CIP challenges that cannot be tackled by the governments or the EU alone, and organize, when necessary, joint initiatives and operational task forces to address these challenges. 1.10 CONCLUSIONS This study is about critical infrastructure protection in general but has a specific BSR perspective. It opens some perspectives onto the particularities of this specific region from the point of view of critical infrastructure protection. These include specific climate conditions, long distances, in some sectors and between some countries closely integrated economies, still a variety of political and administrative systems and cultures as well as institutional solutions as to international cooperation and integration, and very fragmented and multilayered regional networks. The BSR countries’ approaches to critical infrastructure protection vary, but at least some of them also share common general trends that are worth noting. There seems to be a trend towards broad definitions, or in some countries even a tradition to that effect, that is, focusing rather on vital or critical societal functions than mere infrastructures. There is also a debate rising about focusing more on resilience than mere protection, an approach which would particularly well match the general societal security approaches in at least the Nordic countries. While terrorism-as-a-priority-threat approach has some support, many BSR countries are fundamentally basing at least their own national strategies on all-hazards approach. The general solutions to the majority of the BSR countries’ political and economic systems seem to suggest a rather balanced public-private partnership model, thus limiting itself to coordination and soft regulation. Concerning the European Union’s efforts to enhance the multilateral approaches in critical infrastructure protection, too far-reaching approach would probably be not accepted by most of the Member States in the region; bottom-up approaches are preferred, although the Member States seem to be prepare to accept some soft legislative regulation and welcome more coordination. NORDREGIO REPORT 2007:5 53
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CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION
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PREFACE PREFACE With the Commission
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