WSHPDR_2013_Final_Report-updated_version

involving certain low-impact situations or exemptions
issued by FERC, nor available for rehabilitation of
existing power projects unless the current incremental
hydro criteria are met.
7. Absence of designs specific to small hydropower.
Industry would benefit from new designs/materials for
drop-in turbines.
Other research and development issues include a need
for new technology that addresses the engineering
and economics of small hydropower. 1 Such new
technologies could minimize environmental impacts
and could potentially lead to greater ease in obtaining
regulatory approvals.
Note
i. Hydrokinetic technologies use the power of moving
water, such as ocean waves or currents in canals,
rivers, and tidal channels, to produce electricity.
References
1. U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (2012). The World
Factbook. Available from
www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook.
2. U.S. Department of Energy, Database for State
Incentives for Renewables and Efficiency (2012).
Quantitative Renewable Portfolio Standard data for
2012. Available from www.dsireusa.org.
3. International Energy Agency (2011). Key World
Energy Statistics 2011. Paris. Available from:
www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publicatio
n/key_world_energy_stats.pdf.
4. Boden, T.A., G. Marland, and R.J. Andres (2011).
Global, Regional, and National Fossil-Fuel CO2
Emissions. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis
Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S.
Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A.
Available from
http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/tre_usa.html.
5. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, National
Hydropower Association and Hydropower Research
Foundation (2010). Summary Report of the 2010
Technology Summit Meeting on Small Hydropower.
Washington D.C., USA.
6. Smith, B.T (2011). U.S. Hydropower: Fleet and
Resource Assessments. Paper presented at the
National Hydropower Association Annual Conference.
Washington, D.C, April.
7. Campbell, J. (2010). Small Hydro and Low-Head
Hydro Power Technologies and Prospects, March.
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Dams in the Pacific Northwest Region. Prepared for
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the U.S. Department of Energy.. Idaho: Idaho National
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34.pdf.
9. United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of
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Reclamation Facilities. Washington D.C.: United States
Department of the Interior Available from
www.usbr.gov/
10. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (2012). An
Assessment of Energy Potential at Non-Powered Dams
in the United States Report. Prepared for the U.S.
Department of Energy Wind and Water Power
Program. Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.
Available from
http://nhaap.ornl.gov/system/files/NHAAP_NPD_FY11
_Final_Report.pdf.
11. U.S Department of Energy (2011). An Assessment
of Energy Potential at Non-Powered Dams in the
United States. Oak Ridge: National Hydropower Asset
Assessment Program (NHAAP). Available from
http://nhaap.ornl.gov/content/non-powered-dam-pot
ential
12. World Energy Council (2010). Survey of Energy
Resources 2010. London: World Energy Council.
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www.worldenergy.org/publications/3040.asp.
13. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (n.d.).
Guide to Developing Small/Low-Impact Hydropower
Projects. Washington D.C.: FERC. Available from
www.ferc.gov/industries/hydropower/gen-info/licensi
ng/small-low-impact/small-hydro.pdf Accessed July
201214. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (2012).
What is a Qualifying Facility?, February. Washington
D.C.: FERC. Available from
www.ferc.gov/industries/electric/gen-info/qual-fac/w
hat-is.asp.
15. National Hydropower Association (2010). Small
Hydro Council Initial Report. Washington D.C. Available
from www.hydro.org.