WSHPDR_2013_Final_Report-updated_version

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Published in 2013 by United Nations Industrial Development Organization and International Center on Small Hydro Power. 2013 © UNIDO and ICSHP All rights reserved This report was jointly produced by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and International Center on Small Hydro Power (ICSHP) to provide information about small hydropower. The document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations employed and the presentations of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of UNIDO and ICSHP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process: Mention of firm names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by UNIDO or its partners. The opinions, statistical data and estimates contained in the articles are the responsibility of the author(s) and should not necessarily be considered as reflecting the views or bearing the endorsement of UNIDO and its partners. While every care has been taken to ensure that the content is useful and accurate, UNIDO and ICSHP and any contributing third parties shall have no legal liability or responsibility for the content or the accuracy of the information so provided, or for any loss or damage caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with reliance on the use of such information. Copyright: Material in this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted, but acknowledgement is requested, together with a copy of the publication containing the quotation or reprint. Recommended citation: Liu, H., Masera, D. and Esser, L., eds. (2013). World Small Hydropower Development Report 2013. United Nations Industrial Development Organization; International Center on Small Hydro Power. Available from www.smallhydroworld.org.
Page 1: World Small Hydropower Development
Page 6 and 7: Foreword CHEN Lei Minister of Water
Page 8 and 9: Foreword LI Yong Director General,
Page 10 and 11: Technical notes and abbreviations W
Page 12 and 13: Table of Contents iv vi vii viii ix
Page 14 and 15: 190 2.3.4 Chile 193 2.3.5 Colombia
Page 16 and 17: 401 4.4.6 The Netherlands 403 4.4.7
Page 18 and 19: Africa Box 1 Countries and territor
Page 20 and 21: Americas Box 2 Countries and territ
Page 22 and 23: plans to develop renewable energy f
Page 24 and 25: profits. Many regulatory, legal and
Page 26 and 27: Main barriers to small hydropower d
Page 28 and 29: International and regional level 1.
Page 30 and 31: 1 Africa 1.1 Eastern Africa Wim Jon
Page 32 and 33: conducted”. Seven projects with a
Page 34 and 35: 1.1.1 Burundi Lara Esser and Laxmi
Page 36 and 37: Law No. 1/23 enacted in 2008 define
Page 38 and 39: the headrace tunnel) and finally re
Page 40 and 41: 1.1.3 Kenya Patrick Thaddayos Balla
Page 42 and 43: Renewable energy policy In Energy A
Page 44 and 45: 1.1.4 Madagascar Lara Esser, Intern
Page 46 and 47: different regions should then serve
Page 48 and 49: 1.1.5 Malawi Diliza Wanyavinkhumbo
Page 50 and 51: 10. Malawi, Government (2009). Conc
Page 52 and 53: 100 kW from PV’s in residential (
Page 54 and 55:
A study on medium-sized and large p
Page 56 and 57:
9. KPMG (2008). Policy for Renewabl
Page 58 and 59:
The Overseas Territories Orientatio
Page 60 and 61:
more than Rwandan Franc (RWF) at 9
Page 62 and 63:
MW. EWSA, 27 October. Available fro
Page 64 and 65:
Studied hydropower plants in South
Page 66 and 67:
1.1.11 Uganda Eva Maate Tusiime, Ne
Page 68 and 69:
Legislation on small hydropower The
Page 70 and 71:
1.1.12 United Republic of Tanzania
Page 72 and 73:
Figure 4 Map of potential small ren
Page 74 and 75:
Lack of investment capital to devel
Page 76 and 77:
Renewable energy policy Under the S
Page 78 and 79:
1.1.14 Zimbabwe Wim Jonker Klunne,
Page 80 and 81:
Mainstreaming in Energy Projects On
Page 82 and 83:
currently working on feasibility st
Page 84 and 85:
Potential micro hydropower sites up
Page 86 and 87:
1.2.2 Cameroon Matty Fombong, Rural
Page 88 and 89:
production-from-hydroelectric-sourc
Page 90 and 91:
Table 2 Small hydropower plants in
Page 92 and 93:
100,000 MW (evaluated in 1997). The
Page 94 and 95:
Studies conducted by EMAE conclude
Page 96 and 97:
to the lack of data, however opinio
Page 98 and 99:
One of the objectives on renewable
Page 100 and 101:
Installed and potential hydropower
Page 102 and 103:
1.3.3 Morocco Kai Whiting and Pasca
Page 104 and 105:
Renewable energy policy Technical a
Page 106 and 107:
1.2.4 Sudan Abdeen Mustafa Omer, En
Page 108 and 109:
1.3.5 Tunisia A subsidiary, STEG É
Page 110 and 111:
1. Expansion of wind power for elec
Page 112 and 113:
development of harnessing hydropowe
Page 114 and 115:
(now it is part of Artelia) has stu
Page 116 and 117:
1.4.2 Namibia Kai Whiting and Lara
Page 118 and 119:
Energy in Africa: The Challenges of
Page 120 and 121:
Figure 3 Micro hydropower potential
Page 122 and 123:
The 4 MW Merino Power Station is cl
Page 124 and 125:
1.4.4 Swaziland Wim Jonker Klunne,
Page 126 and 127:
efurbishment, it can be expected th
Page 128 and 129:
The Economic Community Of West Afri
Page 130 and 131:
1.5.1 Benin A.A. Esan, UNIDO Region
Page 132 and 133:
1.5.2 Burkina Faso A.A. Esan, UNIDO
Page 134 and 135:
1.5.3 Côte d'Ivoire A.A. Esan, UNI
Page 136 and 137:
1.5.4. Ghana Lara Esser, Internatio
Page 138 and 139:
1.5.5 Guinea Susanne Hughes, Intern
Page 140 and 141:
energy technologies in general and
Page 142 and 143:
The Baseline Report by the ECOWAS C
Page 144 and 145:
the Development of Renewable Energi
Page 146 and 147:
for small hydropower production wit
Page 148 and 149:
1.5.9 Sierra Leone Lara Esser and K
Page 150 and 151:
www.mewr.gov.sl/pdf/energy%20policy
Page 152 and 153:
The African Development Bank (2011)
Page 154 and 155:
Guadeloupe and Nevis operate small
Page 156 and 157:
2.1.1 Cuba Daniel López and Manuel
Page 158 and 159:
Dominica is positive. The available
Page 160 and 161:
References 1. Central Intelligence
Page 162 and 163:
2.1.5 Guadeloupe Lara Esser, Intern
Page 164 and 165:
Electrification priorities in Haiti
Page 166 and 167:
2.1.7 Jamaica Lara Esser, Internati
Page 168 and 169:
2.1.8 Puerto Rico i Agustín Irizar
Page 170 and 171:
Guzmán-Ríos (2006). Water Resourc
Page 172 and 173:
2.1.10 Saint Vincent and the Grenad
Page 174 and 175:
2.2 Central America Jose Hermes Jun
Page 176 and 177:
2.2.1 Belize Lara Esser, Internatio
Page 178 and 179:
2.2.2 Costa Rica Marcello Hernánde
Page 180 and 181:
2.2.3 El Salvador Jose Hermes Landa
Page 182 and 183:
2.2.4 Guatemala Lina Saldarriaga, P
Page 184 and 185:
2.2.5 Honduras Lara Esser and Laxmi
Page 186 and 187:
2.2.6 Mexico Bajo en Carbono Team,
Page 188 and 189:
obligation on the Secretariat of En
Page 190 and 191:
2.2.7 Nicaragua Yan Huang, Internat
Page 192 and 193:
2.2.8 Panama Yan Huang, Internation
Page 194 and 195:
2.3 South America Teo Sanchez, Prac
Page 196 and 197:
2.3.1 Argentina Ariel R. Marchegian
Page 198 and 199:
through fixed contracts for 15 year
Page 200 and 201:
2.3.2 Bolivia (Plurinational State
Page 202 and 203:
http://alexandria.tue.nl/extra2/afs
Page 204 and 205:
SHP installed capacity (up to 10 MW
Page 206 and 207:
2.3.4 Chile Carlos Bonifetti, BMG H
Page 208 and 209:
Difficulties and high costs for sma
Page 210 and 211:
the clean energy sector dominated b
Page 212 and 213:
2.3.6 Ecuador Marcela Portaluppi, C
Page 214 and 215:
Figure 3 Hydropower project develop
Page 216 and 217:
Guadeloupe, Martinique, and La Réu
Page 218 and 219:
(at reservoir outlet works, canal d
Page 220 and 221:
2.3.9 Uruguay Yan Huang, Internatio
Page 222 and 223:
2.4 Northern America Lara Esser, In
Page 224 and 225:
United States Government. Available
Page 226 and 227:
the total Canadian installed hydrop
Page 228 and 229:
• Supporting the development of r
Page 230 and 231:
Table 1 Status of small hydropower
Page 232 and 233:
for a term of up to 50 years. The l
Page 234 and 235:
3. Asia 3.1 Central Asia Yingnan Zh
Page 236 and 237:
3.1.1 Kazakhstan Yingnan Zhang, Int
Page 238 and 239:
3.1.2 Kyrgyzstan Yingnan Zhang, Int
Page 240 and 241:
3.2.3 Tajikistan Ugranath Chakarvar
Page 242 and 243:
With the collapse of Soviet Union,
Page 244 and 245:
Table 2 Priority small hydropower p
Page 246 and 247:
3.2 Eastern Asia Heng Liu, Internat
Page 248 and 249:
3.2.1 China Heng Liu, Xiaobo Hu and
Page 250 and 251:
(2011-2012). The implementation wil
Page 252 and 253:
infrastructure facilities such as i
Page 254 and 255:
3.2.3 Democratic People's Republic
Page 256 and 257:
3.2.4 Republic of Korea Young Joon
Page 258 and 259:
grids. They are of seasonal importa
Page 260 and 261:
Table 3 Policies relevant to small
Page 262 and 263:
Selected small hydropower projects
Page 264 and 265:
energy supply based on the type of
Page 266 and 267:
Local Government Engineering Depart
Page 268 and 269:
3.3 Bhutan Tandin Jamtsho, Druk Gre
Page 270 and 271:
3.3.4 India Arun Kumar, Indian Inst
Page 272 and 273:
to set up projects in areas which g
Page 274 and 275:
3.3.5 Islamic Republic of Iran Ugra
Page 276 and 277:
www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Asia-an
Page 278 and 279:
Table 2 Hydropower potential in Nep
Page 280 and 281:
3.3.7 Pakistan Mariam Gul, NED Univ
Page 282 and 283:
the Government of Pakistan aims at
Page 284 and 285:
Figure 3 Cumulative capacity additi
Page 286 and 287:
3.4 South-Eastern Asia Lara Esser,
Page 288 and 289:
national/2011/03/27/brunei-tap-sara
Page 290 and 291:
Table 2 List of mini and micro hydr
Page 292 and 293:
The ASEAN Hydropower Competence Cen
Page 294 and 295:
Lao PDR has its own small hydropowe
Page 296 and 297:
3.4.4 Malaysia Mohd Afzanizam Mohd
Page 298 and 299:
3.4.5 Myanmar Lara Esser and Kai Wh
Page 300 and 301:
3.4.6 Philippines Jose D. Logarta J
Page 302 and 303:
4.4.7 Thailand Lara Esser and Kai W
Page 304 and 305:
9. Greacen, C. (2008). Micro- Hydro
Page 306 and 307:
Renewable energy policy In 2009, th
Page 308 and 309:
3.4.9 Viet Nam Luong Tuan Anh, Cent
Page 310 and 311:
3.5 Western Asia Ugranath Chakarvar
Page 312 and 313:
esources which also takes into cons
Page 314 and 315:
and a US$6 million grant. R2E2 has
Page 316 and 317:
potential of 28,000 GWh, of which 5
Page 318 and 319:
Small hydropower investment project
Page 320 and 321:
3.5.4 Iraq Abdul-Ilah Younis Taha,
Page 322 and 323:
3.5.5 Jordan Joy Y. Balta, Lebanese
Page 324 and 325:
4. Electricity Regulatory Commissio
Page 326 and 327:
Table 1 Installed small hydropower
Page 328 and 329:
3.5.7 Turkey i Bahtiyar Dursun and
Page 330 and 331:
13. O. Ucuncu, H. Onsoy, O. Yuksek
Page 332 and 333:
Table 2 Classification of small hyd
Page 334 and 335:
4.1.1 Belarus Pascal Hauser, Intern
Page 336 and 337:
4.1.2 Bulgaria European Small Hydro
Page 338 and 339:
4.1.3 Czech Republic European Small
Page 340 and 341:
4.1.4 Hungary European Small Hydrop
Page 342 and 343:
4.1.5 Republic of Moldova Pascal Ha
Page 344 and 345:
4.1.6 Poland European Small Hydropo
Page 346 and 347:
7. Pilch, B. (2011). Prospects of u
Page 348 and 349:
Barriers to small hydropower develo
Page 350 and 351:
As more and more rural residents go
Page 352 and 353:
4.1.9 Slovakia European Small Hydro
Page 354 and 355:
Ukraine’s economically feasible h
Page 356 and 357:
4.2 Northern Europe European Small
Page 358 and 359:
Finland, the recently suspended sup
Page 360 and 361:
Hydropower in the EU-27 in the view
Page 362 and 363:
5. Eesti Energia (2012). The Open E
Page 364 and 365:
this support was withdrawn by an ad
Page 366 and 367:
Conference Proceedings' Energy Futu
Page 368 and 369:
of 4,000 MW of new renewable electr
Page 370 and 371:
Hydropower in the EU-27 in the view
Page 372 and 373:
While there is clear public support
Page 374 and 375:
set a residual flow, and is approxi
Page 376 and 377:
A bill submitted by the Government
Page 378 and 379:
how the present rate of development
Page 380 and 381:
4.3 Southern Europe European Small
Page 382 and 383:
4.3.1 Albania Pascal Hauser and Lar
Page 384 and 385:
4.3.2 Bosnia and Herzegovina Pascal
Page 386 and 387:
4.3.3 Croatia Pascal Hauser and Gui
Page 388 and 389:
4.3.4 Greece European Small Hydropo
Page 390 and 391:
4.3.5 Italy European Small Hydropow
Page 392 and 393:
4.3.6 The former Yugoslav Republic
Page 394 and 395:
4.3.7 Montenegro Pascal Hauser and
Page 396 and 397:
4.3.8 Portugal European Small Hydro
Page 398 and 399:
4.3.9 Serbia Pascal Hauser and Lara
Page 400 and 401:
4.3.10 Slovenia European Small Hydr
Page 402 and 403:
4.3.11 Spain European Small Hydropo
Page 404 and 405:
4.4 Western Europe European Small H
Page 406 and 407:
4.4.1 Austria European Small Hydrop
Page 408 and 409:
4.4.2 Belgium European Small Hydrop
Page 410 and 411:
4.4.3 France European Small Hydropo
Page 412 and 413:
5. France Hydro Electricité (2009)
Page 414 and 415:
(15 mm) and river bed management/ n
Page 416 and 417:
2011. Available from www.eco.public
Page 418 and 419:
in place for allocation of sites to
Page 420 and 421:
organizations, and public and priva
Page 422 and 423:
5. Oceania 5.1. Australia and New Z
Page 424 and 425:
5.1.1 Australia Niels Nielsen, Inte
Page 426 and 427:
• Limited access to finance. •
Page 428 and 429:
Impact Assessments are required for
Page 430 and 431:
sustainable for the future. 13 The
Page 432 and 433:
Union for Conservation of Nature an
Page 434 and 435:
The Vaturu project (3 MW, 86.8 per
Page 436 and 437:
References 1. Central Intelligence
Page 438 and 439:
out at 31 centres, and the rest was
Page 440 and 441:
Table 1 Micro-hydropower systems in
Page 442 and 443:
5.2.5 Vanuatu Lara Esser, Internati
Page 444 and 445:
Micronesia 5.2.6 Federated States o
Page 446 and 447:
Barriers to small hydropower develo
Page 448 and 449:
3. Bell J.D., Johnson J.E., Ganacha
Page 450 and 451:
share of production from renewable
Page 452 and 453:
Northern Africa 79 1 Overview of co
Page 454 and 455:
Southern Asia 243 1 Overview of cou
Page 456 and 457:
List of figures Eastern Africa Buru
Page 458 and 459:
116 2 Small hydropower capacities i
Page 460 and 461:
Page 462 and 463:
Page 464 and 465:
Spain 386 1 Electricity generation
Page 466:
United Nations Industrial Developme
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