WSHPDR_2013_Final_Report-updated_version

5. To enhance awareness on the role and importance
of renewable energy.
The 8 th (2001-2005) and 9 th (2006-2010) Malaysia
Plans introduced several programmes such as the
Small Renewable Energy Programme, the Biogen Full
Scale Model demonstration project and the MBIPV
programme. Mini-hydro (87.7 MW), biomass (using
palm oil empty fruit bunches), biogas (from palm oil
mills effluent) and municipal solid waste are among
the most popular technologies for renewable energy
in Malaysia. 4
7. Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water
(2009). National Renewable Energy Policy and Action
Plan.
8. Kellog, W., Nehrir, M.H., Venkataramanan, G. and
Gerez, V. (1996). Optimal Unit Sizing for a Hybrid
Wind/Photovotaic Generating System. Electric Power
Systems Research, Vol 39, pp. 35-38.
9. Borowy, B.S. and Salameh, Z.M. (1994). Optimum
Photovoltaic Array Size for a Hybrid Wind/PV System,
IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, Vol. 9, No. 3,
pp.482-488.
Barriers to small hydropower development
Bureaucracy issues and problems, institutional
and regulatory complexity and inconsistency, i.e.
with regards to land acquisition.
Full small hydropower development is
constrained by localized water shortages
particularly during drought periods, pollution in
more than half of Malaysia’s rivers, and climate
change effects.
Cost of capital for small hydropower ishigher than
those for conventional power plants. 9 Utilizing
locally manufactured components combined with
an appropriate operation strategy will
alternatively reduce the project costs. 10
Access to finance at competitive rates is difficult.
Financial institutions are unfamiliar with the small
hydropower technology and therefore not as
open as towards other technologies.
Siltation and high sedimentation.
Public perception that renewable energy,
including small hydropower, is still experimental.
Insufficient renewable energy policies.
References
1. Central Intelligence Agency (2012). The World
Factbook. Available from
www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/.
2. Clean Energy Portal - Reegle (2012). Energy Profile
Malaysia. Available from
www.reegle.info/countries/sierra-leone-energyprofile/MY.
3. Pemandu Lab Highlights (2010). Rural Basic
Infrastructure. Available from
www.rurallink.gov.my/c/document_library/get_file?u
uid=b7ca23df-7f4e-44bd-9ce6-
baa2eef334fd&groupId=80191.
4. Energy Commission of Malaysia (2011). Small
Renewable Energy Programme.
5. TNB Energy Services Sdn Bhd. (n.d.) Info Kit.
6. Nathan Raman, Department of Mechanical
Engineering Universiti Tenaga Nasional (2010).
Reconnaissance Study to Identify Micro Hydro
Potential Sites in Malaysia.
281