CHAPTER 9. CONCLUSIONS 176
Bibliography Abt, D. L., Fischer, K. M., 2008. Resolving three-dimensional anisotropic structure with shear wave splitting tomography. Geophysical Journal International 173 (3), 859–886. Al-Anboori, A. S. S., 2006. Anisotropy, focal mechanisms, <strong>and</strong> state <strong>of</strong> stress in an oilfiled: Passive seismic monitoring in Oman. Ph.D. thesis, University <strong>of</strong> Leeds. Al-Harrasi, O., Al-Anboori, A., Wüstefeld, A., Kendall, J.-M., 2010. Seismic anisotropy in a hydrocarbon field estimated from microseismic data. : in press, Geophysical Prospecting. Angus, D. A., Kendall, J.-M., Fisher, Q. J., Segura, J. M., Skachkov, S., Crook, A. J. L., Dutko, M., 2010. <strong>Modelling</strong> microseismicity <strong>of</strong> a producing reservoir from coupled fluid-flow <strong>and</strong> geomechanical simulation. Geophysical Prospecting 58 (5), 901–914. Angus, D. A., Verdon, J. P., Fisher, Q. J., Kendall, J.-M., 2009. Exploring trends in microcrack properties <strong>of</strong> sedimentary rocks: An audit <strong>of</strong> dry core velocity-stress measurements. Geophysics 74 (5), E193–E203. Backus, G. E., 1962. Long-wave elastic anisotropy produced by horizontal layering. Journal <strong>of</strong> Geophysical Research 66, 4427–4440. Bakulin, A., Grechka, V., Tsvankin, I., 2002. Seismic inversion for the parameters <strong>of</strong> two orthogonal fracture sets in a VTI backgroound medium. Geophysics 67 (1), 292–299. Balmforth, N. J., Craster, R. V., Rust, A. C., 2005. Instability in flow through elastic conduits <strong>and</strong> volcanic tremor. Journal <strong>of</strong> Fluid Mechanics 527, 353–377. Barruol, G., H<strong>of</strong>fmann, R., 1999. Upper mantle anisotropy beneath the Geoscope stations. Journal <strong>of</strong> Geophysical Research 104, 10757–10774. Batzle, M. L., Simmon, G., Siegfried, R. W., 1980. Microcrack closure in rocks under stress: Direct observation. Journal <strong>of</strong> Geophysical Research 85 (B12), 7072–7090. Blackman, D. K., Kendall, J.-M., 1997. Sensitivity <strong>of</strong> teleseismic body waves to mineral texture <strong>and</strong> melt in the mantle beneath a mid-ocean ridge. Philosophical Transactions <strong>of</strong> the Royal Society <strong>of</strong> London, A 355, 217–231. Blackman, D. K., Orcutt, J. A., Forsyth, D. W., Kendall, J.-M., 1993. Seismic anisotropy in the mantle beneath an oceanic spreading center. Nature 366, 675–677. Bolas, H. M. N., Hermanrud, C., Teige, G. M. G., 2005. Seal capacity estimation from subsurface pore pressures. Basin Research 17, 583–599. Boness, N. L., Zoback, M. D., 2006. Mapping stress <strong>and</strong> structurally controlled crustal shear velocity anisotropy in California. Geology 34, 825–828. 177
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Microseismic Monitoring and Geomech
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Abstract Capture of CO 2 produced a
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Author’s Declaration I declare th
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Acknowledgments There are many thin
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Table of Contents Abstract Author
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TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.4 Results . . .
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Preface ‘Research is not an end i
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6. D. Angus, J-M. Kendall, J.P. Ver
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1 Introduction A technology push ap
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1.2. CCS OVERVIEW Figure 1.2: CCS s
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1.3. THESIS OVERVIEW for CO 2 to be
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1.3. THESIS OVERVIEW as microseismi
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2 The Weyburn CO 2 injection projec
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2.2. WEYBURN GEOLOGICAL SETTING Fig
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2.2. WEYBURN GEOLOGICAL SETTING N F
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2.4. EVENT TIMING AND LOCATIONS 500
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2.4. EVENT TIMING AND LOCATIONS 500
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2.4. EVENT TIMING AND LOCATIONS Nor
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2.4. EVENT TIMING AND LOCATIONS Fig
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2.5. DISCUSSION 500 1000 1100 North
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2.6. SUMMARY 2.6 Summary • CO 2 s
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3 Inverting shear-wave splitting me
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3.2. INVERSION METHOD the additiona
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3.2. INVERSION METHOD 1. P-wave inc
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3.2. INVERSION METHOD 180 160 140 C
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3.2. INVERSION METHOD 2800 2800 260
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3.2. INVERSION METHOD Loop over γ,
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20 10 5 5 1 20 30 40 80 100 60 40 1
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3.4. SWS MEASUREMENTS AT WEYBURN th
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3.4. SWS MEASUREMENTS AT WEYBURN ei
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3.4. SWS MEASUREMENTS AT WEYBURN ξ
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3.4. SWS MEASUREMENTS AT WEYBURN da
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4 2 2 3.4. SWS MEASUREMENTS AT WEYB
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3.5. DISCUSSION
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3.6. SUMMARY 3.6 Summary • I have
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4 A comparison of microseismic moni
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4.2. EVENT LOCATIONS 2400 Velocity
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4.2. EVENT LOCATIONS 200 150 Northi
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4.3. EVENT MAGNITUDES Pressure (MPa
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4.3. EVENT MAGNITUDES 160 140 120 N
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4.4. SHEAR WAVE SPLITTING 50 −3 E
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4.5. INITIAL S-WAVE POLARISATION In
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4.5. INITIAL S-WAVE POLARISATION 6
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4.5. INITIAL S-WAVE POLARISATION of
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4.6. INTERPRETATION OF SHEAR WAVE S
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1 1 5 5 30 4.6. INTERPRETATION OF S
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80 4.6. INTERPRETATION OF SHEAR WAV
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2 3 3.5 4 5 2 1.8 1.4 4 4.6. INTERP
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4.7. DISCUSSION 4.7 Discussion The
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pressure, P fl σ ′ ij = σ ij
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5.2. EFFECTIVE STRESS AND STRESS PA
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5.3. NUMERICAL MODELLING 5.3.1 Flui
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5.3. NUMERICAL MODELLING MORE FLUID
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5.3. NUMERICAL MODELLING (a) (b) Fi
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5.4. RESULTS 0 500 1000 Depth (m) 1
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5.4. RESULTS 1 0.9 0.8 Soft Med Sti
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5.4. RESULTS Overburden Extension i
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5.4. RESULTS 1z:100x:100y 1z:100x:5
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5.5. SURFACE UPLIFT 1 0.9 0.8 Soft
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5.5. SURFACE UPLIFT Figure 5.17: Ma
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6 Generating anisotropic seismic mo
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6.2. STRESS-SENSITIVE ROCK PHYSICS
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6.3. A MICRO-STRUCTURAL MODEL FOR N
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6.3. A MICRO-STRUCTURAL MODEL FOR N
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6.3. A MICRO-STRUCTURAL MODEL FOR N
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6.3. A MICRO-STRUCTURAL MODEL FOR N
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6.3. A MICRO-STRUCTURAL MODEL FOR N
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6.3. A MICRO-STRUCTURAL MODEL FOR N
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6.3. A MICRO-STRUCTURAL MODEL FOR N
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6.3. A MICRO-STRUCTURAL MODEL FOR N
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- Page 197 and 198: BIBLIOGRAPHY Gassmann, F., 1951. Ub
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- Page 205 and 206: A List of Symbols The table below l
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