Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

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During the construction phase of the crossing – which is part of the Paris- Barcelona route – particular attention was placed on limiting the environmental impact. This aspect was closely documented by a number of methods including photos taken at various stages of construction. The entire operation remained open to public scrutiny, as regular sightseeing tours of the construction site were very popular (which also had the side effect of making the viaduct, as well as its designers and builders quite famous, giving boost to regional development). The unique architecture and immense height of the viaduct – two of the pylons are 40 metres taller than the Eiffel Tower – proved to be a real magnet for tourism. Today, the viaduct does not in any way resemble a busy motorway but quite the opposite, it is associated with quiet, rural countryside (see Fig. 27). This har- Fig. 27. Surroundings of the Millau Viaduct Source: http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Europe/France/South/Midi-Pyrenees/Peyre/photo1125676.htm. Fig. 28. Comparison of the Millau Viaduct and proposed Rospuda crossing Source: http://edroga.pl/drogi-i-mosty/projektowanie/75-alternatywne-mosty-nad-dolina-rospudy; http://images.google.pl/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ila-chateau.com/caze/Viaduc-de-Millau.jpg. 151
monious effect remains ingrained despite considerable traffic and large numbers of tourists continuing to visit the famed structure. Incidentally, the controversial ring-road of Augustów running through the Rospuda Valley is much like a miniature version of the Millau Viaduct. While the Rospuda viaduct is five times shorter and fifty times lower than the French giant, it is integrated into the surrounding environment in a similarly harmonious way, designed to enhance the beauty of the landscape. (see Fig. 28). 6.4. Architectural value Transport infrastructure, which plays a significant role in economic development, has a bearing on the situation and position of regions, countries and entire country groups. For this reason, the infrastructure increasingly often takes (or perhaps has always taken) the shape of outstanding architectural work, becoming the landmark of the place. This is precisely why today's greatest architects frequently take on the challenge of designing selected elements of infrastructure. Santiago Calatrava is the Spanish architect and sculptor who has to his credit quite a number of such projects, as infrastructure remains in the mainstream of his interests. Calatrava's designs are often inspired by nature and remain unique in their masterly use of exceptional form and innovative technology. The TGV Station of the Lyon Airport is an excellent example of brilliant functional solutions and sculptural form (see Fig. 29). The building is constructed in the shape of a bird rising from the ground. The lightness of its elegant structure is remarkable while at the same time various functionalities have masterly been included. The great challenge of designing the Hautbanhof Berlin (see Fig. 30) – Europe's biggest railway station – was taken on by architect Manfred von Gerkan. His concept called for a nearly transparent, glass structure which would merge with the existing buildings of downtown Berlin while allowing daylight admission in the lowest levels of the station. In order to achieve this goal, steel glass plate frames were reduced to the minimum, allowing the greatest possible amount of light to pass through. Pillars typical for this type of structures were eliminated and the ceiling was designed to reflect natural light down to two levels below the ground. The existing development made building conditions extremely difficult. In addition, the multi-level railway station is located next to the Spree River on sandy soil with high groundwater level. As a result, the main challenge consisted in constructing sufficient area of foundations which amounted to 11 football pitches, placed 2 floors below the groundwater level. 152
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Contents FOREWORD (Jan Burnewicz)..
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9.4. Security of information.......
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20.3. Factors stimulating the devel
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great and has brought measurable ef
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The theory of innovation was introd
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According to Robert U. Ayres, who p
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tions may be of technological, orga
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1.2. Innovation features Innovation
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The sources of innovation embrace a
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Table 2. Innovation processes model
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of techniques. Strategic integratio
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32. Sudo³ S., Przedsiêbiorstwo pr
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land, attempts were made in the ear
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English 9 . As can be seen, the phr
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The European Union, being an area o
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tives of member states and associat
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- a direct result of research which
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is, in particular, the response to
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2.6. Bibliography 1. Blaug M., Teor
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stems from the economic policy 3 ,
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according to the linear innovation
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- the shaping and consolidation of
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Treaty of Amsterdam (“Research an
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Unfortunately, the first period of
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and technical subjects in several a
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Fig. 5), where growing competitiven
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Table 8. Innovation performance of
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0,700 0,600 0,500 0,400 0,300 0,200
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3.3. Polish innovation policy In Po
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lopment in the future, e.g. Turkey,
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1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
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- 6.4 billion euro to be provided b
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knowledge-based economy is the only
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- arising during business activity,
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- the use of advanced methods and t
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Chapter 4 A STUDY OF INNOVATIVE TRE
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In more recent centuries, though, t
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economic development. In this diagn
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placing private car use with public
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The prime module of modern transpor
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cialisation. 33 What this notion ac
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era in technology, but had no comme
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ecome a matter of honour for major
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Fig. 14. A Toyota FT-EV at Detroit
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Fuel Cell Vehicles - FCV) 75 are a
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94 - Toyota FCHV 81 is another of T
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- Daimler Mercedes-Benz Citaro fuel
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ange. The popularity of hybrid pass
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X2000 116 , the Finnish S220 117 ,
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Page 105 and 106: dards 138 . Intense activity can al
Page 107 and 108: - new technologies of winter inland
Page 109 and 110: Fig.18.Vélib-abicycle rental syste
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Page 113 and 114: National Highway Research Laborator
Page 115 and 116: innovation in terms of rail shape a
Page 117 and 118: Infrastructural innovations aim at
Page 119 and 120: 14. Konings R., ThijsR., Foldable C
Page 121 and 122: tainable competitive advantage in t
Page 123 and 124: ten years. Technological innovation
Page 125 and 126: ticians, researchers and practition
Page 127 and 128: show that it is the time of respons
Page 129 and 130: gies were gaining more importance i
Page 131 and 132: chain at a strategic level and focu
Page 133 and 134: sary for company management and for
Page 135 and 136: - Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Page 137 and 138: effective solution of logistic task
Page 139 and 140: - thermostat warehouse. Automation
Page 141 and 142: assess the productivity of the rend
Page 143 and 144: 15. Follow the leaders. Scoring hig
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 6 NEW-GENERATION TRANSPORT
Page 147 and 148: 1. The Panama Canal bridge 2. The B
Page 149 and 150: Among intercontinental crossings is
Page 151: Each human action has an effect on
Page 155 and 156: Regrettably, the project was not co
Page 157 and 158: 6.7. Bibliography 1. Brown D. J., M
Page 159 and 160: The purpose of this chapter is not
Page 161 and 162: 7 8 9 10 11 12 Improving road safet
Page 163 and 164: Table 20. Satellite navigation in t
Page 165 and 166: predict a traffic jam on a specific
Page 167 and 168: of rail tracks, inspections and tes
Page 169 and 170: 9. Roads. Galileo Application Sheet
Page 171 and 172: transport modes, infrastructure and
Page 173 and 174: - plan the routes and optimize park
Page 175 and 176: ies. In modern logistics systems, t
Page 177 and 178: Fig. 33. Option II of vehicle route
Page 179 and 180: Optimization of route selection dep
Page 181 and 182: Chapter 9 NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOG
Page 183 and 184: uilding. The competitive advantage
Page 185 and 186: - systems for planning and optimiza
Page 187 and 188: and consist of defining information
Page 189 and 190: 2. Naporowska E., Warunki rozwoju e
Page 191 and 192: 10.2. Factors causing changes in ur
Page 193 and 194: 10.3. Model description of modern u
Page 195 and 196: The French urban transport organiza
Page 197 and 198: petitiveness of urban transport wit
Page 199 and 200: a system of rewards and penalties b
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Chapter 11 SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILI
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einstate the proper role of environ
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European cities had already been af
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limiting car use, especially in cit
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- support instruments for measures
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City-wide Campaigns Innovative dema
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ture, of consistent cycle-promoting
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should be treated preferentially in
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is that the bicycle is quite simply
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Fig. 40. Comparison of various tran
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struggle with inappropriate pavemen
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Bicycle racks Other amenities They
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Table 30. Comparison of percentage
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12.8. Bibliography 1. Cycling: the
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and using nuclear, solar, water or
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methods of performance enhancement
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Table 31. Timeline of Euro standard
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10. Smalko Z., Sznytko J., Kierunki
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Transport activity, a complementary
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sis for making them more dynamic. I
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The literature of the subject menti
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specific nature of new markets and
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In this context, the operation of T
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Chapter 15 FACTORS INFLUENCING MODA
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- to improve the understanding of u
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The fiscal function of the charges
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15.3. Examples of How Differentiate
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- increasing the accepted weight of
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Still, from a technological viewpoi
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At last, one notices that the natur
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operation it results from, whereas
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16.6. New qualitative preference of
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The importance of quality of servic
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Chapter 17 TRENDS IN WORLD SHIPPING
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17.2. World seaborne trade and the
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Table 37. World fleet size in the 1
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day in 2011, compared with 83.3 mil
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hicles at the end of 2005 to 168 ca
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ate of BSR countries is higher than
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In the BSR, as well as the entire E
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2005, the volume of cargo handled i
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Among the trends of the EU transpor
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enlarge loading capacity at minimum
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18.5. Port business diversification
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18.6. Relations with port cities, r
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Chapter 19 MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL MAN
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Green Paper on the Impact of Transp
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- new tasks have appeared in connec
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this area resulted in the Greening
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activities aimed at separating dema
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It is also worth noting that energy
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Table 41. The most likely growth sc
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Table 42. Towards sustainable trans
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such. The use of the existing infra
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Chapter 20 DEVELOPEMNT OF INTERNATI
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tional logistics strengthened, and
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Paradoxically, we can say that the
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their financial resources (by 2008)
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At present, there are 15 Euroregion
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4) international financial relation
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Where: F= number of trips between t
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6. Logistyka w internacjonalizacjio
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prastructure and logistics services
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In the 1980s, more factors appeared
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which plans to cover the whole coun
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and Eastern Europe, it is only a lo
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to open for market economy. It led
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used and where the full range of co
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of intralogistics (see Fig. 68). Th
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sulting in the creation of new of s
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changes refers mainly to these sect
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costs. Because of the “bypassing
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5. Bogaschewsky R., Globale Beschaf
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this theory, a natural course of de
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On the other hand, the company’s
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a basis, particularly the evaluatio
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The ‘list of risks’ method cons
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the success of this risk descriptio
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It must be stressed that what is at
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Partial formalization in the proces
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etween those types of investments c
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other sectors of the economy. Such
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Comparative analysis of innovative
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on presenting periodical payment in
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time) of a new solution that has no
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12. Pietrzyka B., Klasyfikacja prze
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activities more attractive (quads 1
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interdisciplinary, although individ
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tem and modal deficiencies of conte
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Hydrogen propulsion is becoming ano
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can be regarded as the most importa
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lift-sharing, also called car-pooli
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A large group of technologies, give
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Every human activity has an impact
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The most useful function of road ca
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a growing number of inhabitants liv
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nation-wide promotional campaigns a
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As for innovations aimed at using a
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of freight on a given route, shapin
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and development of ports as land-se
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of economy: they are high in consum
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than potential profits the innovati
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PODSUMOWANIE I WNIOSKI (Jan Burnewi
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nia od podstaw w wybranych regionac
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ski. Strategicznym (nadrzêdnym) ce
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struktorów samochodów elektryczny
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opracowan¹ z myœl¹ o ograniczeni
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acji lotniska i l¹dowiska. Wœród
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w¹tpliwych efektów wdra¿ania now
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œwiecie koncepcji i nowych rozwi¹
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nologie budownictwa infrastruktural
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TEN wpisany zosta³ projekt europej
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staw/ w ramach sieci dostaw (certyf
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nych), takich jak wprowadzanie ró
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obytu ludzie staj¹ siê coraz bard
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Trzy pierwsze typy procesów innowa
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który musi opracowywaæ nowatorski
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Przemiany technologiczne i innowacy
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ne uwidoczni³a siê ju¿ pod konie
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nia logistycznego, • stosowanie f
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Formalizacja oceny ryzyka w innowac
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List of tables Table 1. Innovation
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Table 50. Time horizon of risk fact
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Fig. 24. Strategic crossings within
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About Authors El¿bieta Adamowicz:
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Michel Savy: Professor in the Unive
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