Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

etween those types of investments can refer to, inter alia, typical sources of finance,
to implementation time, entities responsible for undertaking the investments,
and finally, ways of assessing profitability. The special character of such
investments determines sources of finance, and this is why they should be considered
separately. Looking for innovative forms of funding transport infrastructure
is the subject of this chapter. Intensity of research in this respect increases
along with the increasing deficit in public finance and the growing difficulties
in public finance management.
24.2. Factors affecting the search of innovative forms
of funding transport infrastructure
A detailed analysis of direct and indirect effects generated by infrastructural investments
helps to determine whether financing from various sources is justified.
Undoubtedly, a significant share of effects received by the society make
public funding a must, whether from the state budget, or from local government
budgets. Legitimacy of involving public funds in financing transport development
also results from considerable fiscal revenues from transport, in the
form of charges paid both by individual car users and by transport companies.
Transport expenditure constitutes a significant part of household consumption,
which in EU-27 countries in 2006 reached the level of 13.6%. In 2006, the households
in EU-27 countries spent a total of 893 billion euro 2 on transport. The
budget revenue generated in this way, from fuel fiscal charges in particular, constitutes
a significant source of finance generated by transport. The funds from
such fiscal charges are not always allocated to support the sector that has generated
them. Very often road transport income finances objectives set by individual
states. An analysis of the situation in most countries indicates difficulties in
acquiring funds for infrastructure maintenance and development. The problem
is of special significance in the countries in which the existing needs considerably
exceed the available traditional sources of finance. The backlog of many years in
financing transport infrastructure can still be observed, in particular in the new
EU Member States.
The deepening deficit of public finance affects the transport sector in particular.
The existing difficulties in public finance management influence the infrastructure
managed by public authorities, which consequently affects development
of transport infrastructure. Actually, all European states have a problem
2 EU Energy and Transport in Figures. Statistical Pocketbook 2007/2008. DG TREN CE and Eurostat,
Brussels 2009, p. 97.
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