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designing an interactive innovation model. Studies on interactive models result
from the coupling, the mutual feedback of science, technology and production.
The success or failure of a given innovation product depends on the enterprise’s
capacity to maintain efficient relations between the particular stages of
the innovation process, e.g. the integration of marketing with the technical aspects
of the innovation process.
Further studies on the essence of innovations led to the development of the
network concept. The development of information science, company management
methods, dynamic development of new forms of cooperation in the late
1980s and early 1990s all contributed to the concept. In the network process
characterised by progressively more complex external relations, the speed and
efficiency of implementing innovations are significant and become key factors of
competition in the increasingly complex and global markets 37 .
Rothwell’s model of system interaction and networking 38 combines the networking
character of innovations and changes in innovation management in
the enterprise. The system interaction and networking model lays emphasis on
using modern technologies, electronic engineering and information technology.
Moreover, innovative companies relying on lean management move towards
more efficient time/costs grids in realising a new product 39 .
The integrated model is characterised by a parallel development cycle, team
integrations of R&D staff, strong linkage with suppliers, close coupling with key
clients, emphasis on integrating R&D and production, designing that accounts
for production capacity, horizontal collaboration, e.g. joint ventures 40 .
If innovation involves materialising products and services, initiation of an
innovation stream will require an innovation-friendly economic, social, cultural
as well as legal and administrative environment 41 .
Contemporary innovation processes are becoming more simultaneous and
system oriented. This is a fully integrated model with a parallel development cycle
based on networking, therefore, this model is often referred to as the networking
model. It takes advantage of specialised systems and simulation modelling
in R&D projects. Another characteristic feature of contemporary innovation
processes is the strong linkage with clients. The consumer is considered to be
the key to the strategy and a player on the innovation scene, together with
science, industry, governmental authorities and infrastructural units for transfer 42
37 E. Stawasz, op.cit.,p. 29.
38 R. Rothwell, Industrial Innovation: Success, Strategy, Trends, [in:] The Handbook of Industrial Innovation,
ed. M. Dodgson, R. Rothwell, E. Elgar Publishing Ltd, Aldershot-Brookfield 1994, pp. 43-50.
39 E. Stawasz, op. cit., pp. 30-31.
40 A. H. Jasiñski, Innowacje i transfer techniki w procesie transformacji, Difin, Warsaw 2006, p. 13.
41 T. Borkowski, A. Marcinkowski, Spo³eczno-psychologiczne uwarunkowania wprowadzania innowacji
w przedsiêbiorstwie, [in:] Rola polskiej nauki we wzroœcie innowacyjnoœci gospodarki, ed. E. Okoñ-
Horodyñska, PTE, Warsaw 2004, p. 202,
42 A. H. Jasiñski, op. cit., pp. 29-31.
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