Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

Comparative analysis of innovative solutions applied in EU Member States
indicates the leading position of Great Britain 9 . Numerous examples of involvement
of private capital in financing transport infrastructure, as well as considerable
decentralization of investment decisions are worth mentioning here in particular.
Innovations in transport financing can be analyzed both in terms of raising
funds and spending them, in the aspect of availability of new financial products,
new methods and techniques of raising funds, new rules of funds allocation,
new ways of infrastructure management (shifting the responsibility for infrastructure
development from public authorities to other entities), new ways of investment
project management.
International research focuses both on looking for new instruments and
sources of finance and new ways of managing investments and infrastructure.
In Europe the problems of innovative solutions in the financing of infrastructure
were dealt with under the project FUNDING (implemented under 6th Framework
Programme) 10 . The project focused on creating scenarios of financing big
transport infrastructural projects. The proposal to establish European Infrastructure
Fund at the EU level, is an innovative solution.
Increasing the role of private capital, inter alia, through contracts, partial or
total privatization of infrastructure as well as through involvement of pension
and insurance funds constitutes a significant direction of innovative solutions 11 .
24.4. Innovative forms of financing transport infrastructure
in the USA
Looking for a model of financing transport infrastructure one can refer to
the system functioning in the United States, considered to be the precursor in
innovative forms of financing of transport infrastructure. In the US, the selection
of financing instruments for an infrastructural project depends on the degree
of its profitability. Financial instruments used to implement infrastructural
projects according to their profitability are presented in Fig. 77.
The system of financing road investments currently functioning in the
United States is based on a model of federal projects, which are implemented
based on cost refund rule. All the projects applying for various forms of support
from public funds must get the approval of FHWA – Federal Highway Admi-
9 Ibidem, p. 74.
10 FUNDING. http://www.econ.kuleuven.be/funding/
11 Infrastructure to 2030: Mapping Policy for Electricity, Water and Transport. OECD 2007, p. 29.
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