Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

other moments of big power demand. Since electric motors can work as generators,
hybrid construction also enables energy recovery during braking phase (recuperation)
7 .
The conditions of environmental protection and increasingly popular innovative
thinking presented above come down to the integration of environmental
activities by legislative bodies of the European Union. Their efforts materialize
in the form of Euro series emission standards for engines (since 1992) as
well as the new EEV (Enhanced Environmentally Friendly Vehicle – since 1999).
Innovativeness of Euro series engine standards consists in reducing emissions
of the following pollutants:
– carbon monoxide (CO);
– hydrocarbons (HC);
– nitric oxides (NOX);
– dusts (PT);
– smog in exhaust gases.
The level of what is required by individual standards can be presented in
the way show in Fig. 42.
-94%
Solid particules (g/kWh)
0,35
0,30
0,25
0,20
0,15
0,10
0,05
Euro 5
Euro 4
Euro 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
NOx (g/kWh)
-75%
Euro 2
Euro 1
Fig. 42. Requirements for exhaust gases reduction according to Euro 1–5standards
Source: Own study based on ETC materials. Berlin 2006, p. 1.
7 J. Brach, Hybryda z Bolechowa. “Ciê¿arówki i Autobusy” 1-2/2007, pp. 48-50.
233