Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

– sports Tesla Roadster made by Tesla Motors (Google) of the USA 70 , fitted
with 56 kWh lithium-ion batteries giving it a range of 390 km and offered
at a price of 99 thousand euro;
– ZAP-X Crossover EV has been designed by ZAP Motors of California. 71
It is fitted with lithium-titanium batteries producing a range of 350 km
and is scheduled to be marketed in the USA in 2010;
– Dodge ZEO 72 is an electric highway car designed by Chrysler, fitted with
64 kWh lithium-ion batteries, producing a range of up to 400 km (the future
of the model looks uncertain after Chrysler went bankrupt in May,
2009);
– Koenigsegg NLV Quant 73 is a production of Swedish companies Koenigsegg
and NLV Solar AG, fitted with flow batteries made by the latter.
They produce a range of 500 km, and the charging is quick – only 15-20
minutes. The car accelerates to 100 km/h in 5.2 seconds and its top speed
is 275 km/h. Propulsion by two induction motors with an aggregate capacity
of 512 HP. Nearly the whole body of Koenigsegg NLV Quant is covered
with solar cells in the form of a thin, transparent film. The car is expected
to be marketed in 2012.
The “Green Car” (“Green Vehicle”) concept involves the promotion of hydrogen
as the fuel. Hydrogen is generally believed to be environmentally the
cleanest and the most friendly fuel, as only water is liberated in the combustion
process, whether it takes place in the air or in oxygen. Meanwhile though, hydrogen
is not at all a “clean” fuel. This is because the largest amount of cheap
hydrogen are produced through the reaction of methane or coal with water,
during which carbon dioxide is liberated – a “greenhouse” gas when the
amounts are excessive. This is why hydrogen generation directly from water is
being developed (with the use of solar or wind energy) so that the oxygen and
hydrogen cycles in nature are closed. As a fuel, however, oxygen has serious
faults, like • high tendency for engine knocking due to low octane rating •
strong interaction with metals, especially in high temperatures • tendency to
decompose the lubricants, as a result of which aggressive compounds, detrimental
to engine parts are formed • low energy density content when in liquid
form • difficult storage 74 .
70 Tesla Motors – http://www.teslamotors.com.
71 ZAP Motors – http://www.zapworld.com . Zap website contains no information about ZAP-X
Crossover, only about a much less attractive, three-wheeled Xebra. Cf.: ZAP-X Crossover EV –
http://www.futurecars.com/reviews/zapxcrossover.html.
72 Dodge ZEO – http://www.dodgezeo.net.
73 Samochody elektryczne – http://www.samochodyelektryczne.org/index.php?id=Samochody_elektryczne/Koenigsegg_NLV_Quant/Koenigsegg_NLV_Quant.
74 K. Lejda, P. Wojewoda, Wodór jako paliwo w samochodach osobowych – http://pawelwojewoda.sd.prz.edu.pl/file/MjMsNjcsMTQ1LHdvZG9yX2pha29fcGFsaXdvX3hwLnBwdA==.
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