Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

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Fig. 34. Option III of vehicle route from Sopot to Munich Source: based on Map & Guide digital map. Table 21. Comparison of assessment parameters of Sopot-Munich itinerary Route Route length (km) Fuel cost ( ) Km of tollroads(D,CZ) Toll paid (¡ ) Total travel time Average speed Total cost (¢ ) Option I 1068.080 523.36 676.5 km 88,21 34h05’ 53 km/h 611.57 Option II 1106.510 542.19 553.2 km 73,40 45h08’ 46 km/h 615.59 Option III 1107.620 542.88 446.3 km 45,51 52h07’ 42 km/h 588.39 Source: Own research conducted in shipping companies; conversion rates: 1 EUR = 3.88 PLN and 1 EUR = 28.055 CZK. Estimated minimum cost (fuel+ other direct costs) – 0.49 EUR/km. – the lowest total cost, including the least expensive tolls points to Option III as the best choice, but only if the delivery time is not the prime criterion. While the topography may cause a small increases in fuel consumption, the savings of 30-40 euro on tolls constitute about 5% of the freight for such a shipment; – despite opinions of many carriers to the contrary, the route presented in Option II is definitely the least favourable due to the relatively high tolls, long distance and travel time; this assessment is also supported by the highest overall cost. 177
Optimization of route selection depends on client requirements but it also must take into account the close relation between the requested conditions regarding e.g., delivery time and the offered unit freight rate. There are further advantages of using telematics and IT solutions in transport. One of them is the optimization of route and points of discharging through a cargo delivery plan, which takes into account, among others, the opening hours of the consignee's warehouses. Another is the access to data on driving and rest time recorded on digital tachograph and the driver's smart card. This information can be remotely forwarded through the Internet or GPRS as required by the UE Regulation 561/2006 - that is at least once in 21 days. Readers which have recently appeared on the market, such as TachoDrive2, are becoming vital, especially in road tramping where vehicles do not come back to their base locations for 21 days or longer. The use of telematics and IT solutions along with constant data processing also permits direct control of company dispatchers, allowing a comparison of the planned shipments and unit freight rates with the actual values settled after the vehicle returns to base or by any other method of closing transport cycles. Table 22. Comparison of data used in performance assessment of forwarders Transport cycle no. Total km Loaded km Declared km Loaded freight/ km Declared freight / km Total freight/km 1 3790 3552 3860 0,75 0,74 0,71 2 3570 3256 3519 0,77 0,75 0,70 3 4370 3982 3822 0,69 0,67 0,59 4 3461 3096 3494 0,81 0,78 0,72 5 3327 3070 2785 0,68 0,66 0,63 6 4317 3846 4195 0,70 0,68 0,63 7 3156 3070 3451 0,81 0,79 0,71 8 4425 4141 3552 0,67 0,65 0,61 9 4108 3629 4070 0,80 0,71 0,67 10 3930 3624 3868 0,88 0,82 0,73 Source: own study carried out in transport companies. The use of telematics or IT solutions may have a significant impact on the assessment of productivity in international road transport of cargo. It makes it possible, for instance, to define the actual revenue on each kilometre travelled by the vehicle in every closed transport cycle. Primary research carried out in transport companies shows that the unit freight rate calculated, for instance per each loaded kilometre differs from the value of freight per kilometre declared by the forwarder, which of course considerably diverges from total unit freight in a given transport cycle. 178
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Contents FOREWORD (Jan Burnewicz)..
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9.4. Security of information.......
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20.3. Factors stimulating the devel
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great and has brought measurable ef
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The theory of innovation was introd
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According to Robert U. Ayres, who p
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tions may be of technological, orga
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1.2. Innovation features Innovation
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The sources of innovation embrace a
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Table 2. Innovation processes model
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of techniques. Strategic integratio
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32. Sudo³ S., Przedsiêbiorstwo pr
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land, attempts were made in the ear
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English 9 . As can be seen, the phr
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The European Union, being an area o
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tives of member states and associat
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- a direct result of research which
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is, in particular, the response to
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2.6. Bibliography 1. Blaug M., Teor
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stems from the economic policy 3 ,
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according to the linear innovation
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- the shaping and consolidation of
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Treaty of Amsterdam (“Research an
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Unfortunately, the first period of
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and technical subjects in several a
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Fig. 5), where growing competitiven
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Table 8. Innovation performance of
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0,700 0,600 0,500 0,400 0,300 0,200
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3.3. Polish innovation policy In Po
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lopment in the future, e.g. Turkey,
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1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
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- 6.4 billion euro to be provided b
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knowledge-based economy is the only
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- arising during business activity,
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- the use of advanced methods and t
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Chapter 4 A STUDY OF INNOVATIVE TRE
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In more recent centuries, though, t
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economic development. In this diagn
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placing private car use with public
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The prime module of modern transpor
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cialisation. 33 What this notion ac
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era in technology, but had no comme
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ecome a matter of honour for major
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Fig. 14. A Toyota FT-EV at Detroit
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Fuel Cell Vehicles - FCV) 75 are a
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94 - Toyota FCHV 81 is another of T
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- Daimler Mercedes-Benz Citaro fuel
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ange. The popularity of hybrid pass
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X2000 116 , the Finnish S220 117 ,
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•Commercial Turboprop Service •
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dards 138 . Intense activity can al
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- new technologies of winter inland
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Fig.18.Vélib-abicycle rental syste
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tional and EU authorities as well a
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National Highway Research Laborator
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innovation in terms of rail shape a
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Infrastructural innovations aim at
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14. Konings R., ThijsR., Foldable C
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tainable competitive advantage in t
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ten years. Technological innovation
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ticians, researchers and practition
Page 127 and 128: show that it is the time of respons
Page 129 and 130: gies were gaining more importance i
Page 131 and 132: chain at a strategic level and focu
Page 133 and 134: sary for company management and for
Page 135 and 136: - Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Page 137 and 138: effective solution of logistic task
Page 139 and 140: - thermostat warehouse. Automation
Page 141 and 142: assess the productivity of the rend
Page 143 and 144: 15. Follow the leaders. Scoring hig
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 6 NEW-GENERATION TRANSPORT
Page 147 and 148: 1. The Panama Canal bridge 2. The B
Page 149 and 150: Among intercontinental crossings is
Page 151 and 152: Each human action has an effect on
Page 153 and 154: monious effect remains ingrained de
Page 155 and 156: Regrettably, the project was not co
Page 157 and 158: 6.7. Bibliography 1. Brown D. J., M
Page 159 and 160: The purpose of this chapter is not
Page 161 and 162: 7 8 9 10 11 12 Improving road safet
Page 163 and 164: Table 20. Satellite navigation in t
Page 165 and 166: predict a traffic jam on a specific
Page 167 and 168: of rail tracks, inspections and tes
Page 169 and 170: 9. Roads. Galileo Application Sheet
Page 171 and 172: transport modes, infrastructure and
Page 173 and 174: - plan the routes and optimize park
Page 175 and 176: ies. In modern logistics systems, t
Page 177: Fig. 33. Option II of vehicle route
Page 181 and 182: Chapter 9 NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOG
Page 183 and 184: uilding. The competitive advantage
Page 185 and 186: - systems for planning and optimiza
Page 187 and 188: and consist of defining information
Page 189 and 190: 2. Naporowska E., Warunki rozwoju e
Page 191 and 192: 10.2. Factors causing changes in ur
Page 193 and 194: 10.3. Model description of modern u
Page 195 and 196: The French urban transport organiza
Page 197 and 198: petitiveness of urban transport wit
Page 199 and 200: a system of rewards and penalties b
Page 201 and 202: sales of tickets received on the ba
Page 203 and 204: Chapter 11 SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILI
Page 205 and 206: einstate the proper role of environ
Page 207 and 208: European cities had already been af
Page 209 and 210: limiting car use, especially in cit
Page 211 and 212: - support instruments for measures
Page 213 and 214: City-wide Campaigns Innovative dema
Page 215 and 216: ture, of consistent cycle-promoting
Page 217 and 218: should be treated preferentially in
Page 219 and 220: is that the bicycle is quite simply
Page 221 and 222: Fig. 40. Comparison of various tran
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Page 225 and 226: Bicycle racks Other amenities They
Page 227 and 228: Table 30. Comparison of percentage
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12.8. Bibliography 1. Cycling: the
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and using nuclear, solar, water or
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methods of performance enhancement
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Table 31. Timeline of Euro standard
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10. Smalko Z., Sznytko J., Kierunki
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Transport activity, a complementary
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sis for making them more dynamic. I
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The literature of the subject menti
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specific nature of new markets and
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In this context, the operation of T
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Chapter 15 FACTORS INFLUENCING MODA
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- to improve the understanding of u
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The fiscal function of the charges
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15.3. Examples of How Differentiate
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- increasing the accepted weight of
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Still, from a technological viewpoi
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At last, one notices that the natur
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operation it results from, whereas
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16.6. New qualitative preference of
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The importance of quality of servic
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Chapter 17 TRENDS IN WORLD SHIPPING
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17.2. World seaborne trade and the
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Table 37. World fleet size in the 1
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day in 2011, compared with 83.3 mil
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hicles at the end of 2005 to 168 ca
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ate of BSR countries is higher than
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In the BSR, as well as the entire E
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2005, the volume of cargo handled i
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Among the trends of the EU transpor
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enlarge loading capacity at minimum
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18.5. Port business diversification
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18.6. Relations with port cities, r
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Chapter 19 MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL MAN
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Green Paper on the Impact of Transp
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- new tasks have appeared in connec
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this area resulted in the Greening
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activities aimed at separating dema
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It is also worth noting that energy
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Table 41. The most likely growth sc
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Table 42. Towards sustainable trans
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such. The use of the existing infra
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Chapter 20 DEVELOPEMNT OF INTERNATI
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tional logistics strengthened, and
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Paradoxically, we can say that the
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their financial resources (by 2008)
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At present, there are 15 Euroregion
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4) international financial relation
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Where: F= number of trips between t
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6. Logistyka w internacjonalizacjio
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prastructure and logistics services
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In the 1980s, more factors appeared
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which plans to cover the whole coun
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and Eastern Europe, it is only a lo
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to open for market economy. It led
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used and where the full range of co
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of intralogistics (see Fig. 68). Th
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sulting in the creation of new of s
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changes refers mainly to these sect
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costs. Because of the “bypassing
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5. Bogaschewsky R., Globale Beschaf
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this theory, a natural course of de
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On the other hand, the company’s
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a basis, particularly the evaluatio
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The ‘list of risks’ method cons
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the success of this risk descriptio
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It must be stressed that what is at
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Partial formalization in the proces
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etween those types of investments c
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other sectors of the economy. Such
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Comparative analysis of innovative
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on presenting periodical payment in
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time) of a new solution that has no
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12. Pietrzyka B., Klasyfikacja prze
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activities more attractive (quads 1
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interdisciplinary, although individ
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tem and modal deficiencies of conte
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Hydrogen propulsion is becoming ano
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can be regarded as the most importa
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lift-sharing, also called car-pooli
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A large group of technologies, give
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Every human activity has an impact
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The most useful function of road ca
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a growing number of inhabitants liv
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nation-wide promotional campaigns a
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As for innovations aimed at using a
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of freight on a given route, shapin
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and development of ports as land-se
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of economy: they are high in consum
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than potential profits the innovati
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PODSUMOWANIE I WNIOSKI (Jan Burnewi
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nia od podstaw w wybranych regionac
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ski. Strategicznym (nadrzêdnym) ce
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struktorów samochodów elektryczny
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opracowan¹ z myœl¹ o ograniczeni
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acji lotniska i l¹dowiska. Wœród
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w¹tpliwych efektów wdra¿ania now
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œwiecie koncepcji i nowych rozwi¹
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nologie budownictwa infrastruktural
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TEN wpisany zosta³ projekt europej
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staw/ w ramach sieci dostaw (certyf
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nych), takich jak wprowadzanie ró
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obytu ludzie staj¹ siê coraz bard
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Trzy pierwsze typy procesów innowa
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który musi opracowywaæ nowatorski
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Przemiany technologiczne i innowacy
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ne uwidoczni³a siê ju¿ pod konie
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nia logistycznego, • stosowanie f
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Formalizacja oceny ryzyka w innowac
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List of tables Table 1. Innovation
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Table 50. Time horizon of risk fact
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Fig. 24. Strategic crossings within
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About Authors El¿bieta Adamowicz:
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Michel Savy: Professor in the Unive
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