Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

changes in competitive structure of the market after the implementation of innovation,
etc.). The organisational aspect will consist mainly in a lack of acceptance
by transport customers of changes in the way the services are rendered,
market communications, principles of related services production, and the like.
Its internal dimension includes the company personnel's possible reluctance,
who may actively or passively oppose any changes. The financial dimension
will include all the innovative aspects which will have a negative impact on the
company's cash flow, i.e. temporary drop in revenues during the implementation
of innovation, growth of service production costs, etc. A specific risk will include
all the other effects that cannot be easily categorized as functional risks
and result from unique character of a given innovation.
The aim of risk management in innovation processes is identification of areas
of uncertainty that arise due to innovations and protection from their possible
negative impact. Because the very process of innovation involves a possibility
of the development of various scenarios, impossible to predict a priori –
which results from the nature of innovation that is supposed to go beyond the
current way of thinking – planning risk strategies for innovation processes must
be of framework character only. Risk management in transport innovation processes
must be oriented at eliminating incidents that could diminish the positive
impact of innovations rather than elimination of divergences from the original
plan.
Innovative risk is one of the least measurable risks. In this case, from the
practical point of view, it is best to base on quantitative assessment of risk, particularly
on the assessment of potential threats to potential additional cash flow
that is supposed to be the effect of innovation. However, in transport – because
of the nature of services – it is difficult to estimate the exact value of possible
risk, because risk factors are hard to measure. Moreover, it is difficult to specify
unambiguously the impact of abortive innovations on potential loss of company
value, because in the case of innovation there is no benchmark with which it
could be compared. This is why quantitative assessment should be supplemented
with qualitative methods. Of a wide range of tools for qualitative estimation
of risk parameters in the assessment of innovativeness in transport, the
list of risk, risk mapping and risk matrix methods deserve particular attention.
All these methods enable the description of individual components of innovation,
which in turn enables identification of its weaknesses and determination of
the probability of their occurrence. This probability juxtaposed with the strength
of impact (i.e. a maximum possible loss a given factor may generate) makes it
possible to estimate the level of risk during the implementation of a given innovation.
Formalised transport innovative risk assessment, replacing the previous –
often intuitive – kinds of assessment, is necessary for maintaining a reasonable
time frame of risk analysis and appropriate allocation of resources (material and
human) for risk assessment, so that the cost of this activity would not be higher
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