Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

Fig. 53. World international trade by groups of products, 1950-2003................................. 265
Fig. 54. Logistics cost split: demand driven or supply driven............................................. 265
Fig. 55. Logistics expense of American economy (G$).......................................................... 266
Fig. 56. Timeline of EU programme documents on transport policy................................. 294
Fig. 57. Comparison of growth rate of demand for transport and GDP in EU-25 ........... 299
Fig. 58. Modal split of cargo in EU-25...................................................................................... 300
Fig. 58. How transport interacts with economy and society............................................... 304
Fig. 60. Shift from 3PL to 4PL ................................................................................................... 313
Fig. 61. Logistics of Polish companies in various forms of internationalisation (%) ........
Fig. 62. The tasks of the Centre in modern cooperation of a Euroregion
315
with Eurologistics........................................................................................................ 318
Fig. 63. Scope of urban logistics................................................................................................ 321
Fig. 63. Standard street cross-section with elevated train.................................................... 323
Fig. 65. Development of logistics centres in Europe ............................................................. 327
Fig. 66. Stages of putting a logistics centre in place in Bologna .......................................... 328
Fig. 67. Logistics centres – members of Europlatforms Association ...................................
Fig. 68. From techniques of relocation to intralogistics – course of development
331
of logistics sector.......................................................................................................... 338
Fig. 69. Changes in strategic construction of supply chains................................................ 341
Fig. 70. The polled experts expect a general increase in logistics costs in the future ....... 341
Fig. 71. The nature of changes in the structure of logistics costs (% of sales)....................
Fig. 72. Increase in logistics costs and complexity of processes
343
is caused by additional services that create added value...................................... 343
Fig. 73. Development of logistics costs by industry (industrial averages)......................... 345
Fig. 74. A possible value/time risk map for innovation project ........................................... 356
Fig. 75. A possible capital/staff risk map ................................................................................. 356
Fig. 76. Variations in infrastructure of market maturity across global markets ................ 364
Fig. 77. Infrastructure projects financing instruments in the United States ..................... 367