Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

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Driving assistance Transport charges Source: Own study. Computerised road atlases (e.g. for tourists) Computerised road atlases (e.g. for taxi drivers) Computerised road atlases with up-to-date information about road works, alternative routes etc. element of an Advanced Driving Assistance System (ADAS), e.g. vehicle speed control driver assistance optimising energy consumption precis assista phase flight, tion in opera ports potential implementation of the best possible differentiation of user charges, based on multiple factors (type current pollutant emissions and noise levels, time of day, type of road, distance)
predict a traffic jam on a specific section of the road and send a warning to vehicles moving close to the section, together with a suggested alternative route 5 . Moreover, satellite positioning improves the effectiveness of fleet management by transport companies (both in passenger and cargo transport), forwarding and logistics companies, or taxi corporations. We must not ignore the potential applications of satellite navigation in the work of emergency services, either. An ambulance equipped with a satellite positioning receiver connected to a traffic management centre may enjoy numerous benefits, such as traffic control at crossroads. The time of reaching the accident scene can be radically reduced both owing to better management of the fleet and automatic information fed from the scene from vehicles equipped with GPS (or other) receivers connected to on-board computers. Satellite navigation can also be used as an important element of an Advanced Driving Assistance System (ADAS). It provides important information about the surroundings, road hazards, or approaching a scene of an accident, but also directly controls the movement of the vehicle, for instance, by automatically reducing speed when the vehicle approaches a bend with excessive speed and the visibility is poor 6 . One of the main goals of European Union’s transport policy, but also of the respective member states, is to introduce fair and effective transport charges, instead of diverse payments which are not supported by the taxes and other charges paid. An effective way allowing a practical implementation of complex principles of cost calculation, at a level nearing the marginal costs of an additional vehicle in the transport network, is to use a satellite navigation system and introduce an electronic toll collection system. Solutions based on satellite navigation allow the highest differentiation of fees (which is not possible with the traditional toll systems, or even a system of dedicated short-rage communications – DSRC), i.e. differentiating the charge on the basis of vehicle type, road type, distance covered, journey time, speed, emissions and many other. It is also worth noting that the high cost of implementing a system of electronic road charges will be offset by discontinuing expensive solutions, such as traditional toll gates on motorways, with the characteristic traffic jams. The application of satellite navigation in tourist traffic must also be mentioned. In individual motoring, further possible applications are mentioned of the already popular so-called computerised road atlases. In other modes of transport, especially the coach and the rail, one can expect direct and up-to-date information provided to the user, about journey time, delays, next connection etc. Benefits can apply to both, passengers on board (e.g. tourist information 5 Project GIROADS, http://www.intelligentroads.org/. 6 Roads. Galileo Application Sheets, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/doc/galileo_app11.pdf. 164
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Contents FOREWORD (Jan Burnewicz)..
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9.4. Security of information.......
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20.3. Factors stimulating the devel
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great and has brought measurable ef
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The theory of innovation was introd
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According to Robert U. Ayres, who p
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tions may be of technological, orga
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1.2. Innovation features Innovation
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The sources of innovation embrace a
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Table 2. Innovation processes model
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of techniques. Strategic integratio
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32. Sudo³ S., Przedsiêbiorstwo pr
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land, attempts were made in the ear
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English 9 . As can be seen, the phr
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The European Union, being an area o
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tives of member states and associat
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- a direct result of research which
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is, in particular, the response to
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2.6. Bibliography 1. Blaug M., Teor
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stems from the economic policy 3 ,
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according to the linear innovation
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- the shaping and consolidation of
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Treaty of Amsterdam (“Research an
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Unfortunately, the first period of
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and technical subjects in several a
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Fig. 5), where growing competitiven
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Table 8. Innovation performance of
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0,700 0,600 0,500 0,400 0,300 0,200
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3.3. Polish innovation policy In Po
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lopment in the future, e.g. Turkey,
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1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
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- 6.4 billion euro to be provided b
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knowledge-based economy is the only
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- arising during business activity,
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- the use of advanced methods and t
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Chapter 4 A STUDY OF INNOVATIVE TRE
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In more recent centuries, though, t
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economic development. In this diagn
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placing private car use with public
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The prime module of modern transpor
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cialisation. 33 What this notion ac
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era in technology, but had no comme
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ecome a matter of honour for major
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Fig. 14. A Toyota FT-EV at Detroit
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Fuel Cell Vehicles - FCV) 75 are a
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94 - Toyota FCHV 81 is another of T
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- Daimler Mercedes-Benz Citaro fuel
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ange. The popularity of hybrid pass
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X2000 116 , the Finnish S220 117 ,
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•Commercial Turboprop Service •
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dards 138 . Intense activity can al
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- new technologies of winter inland
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Fig.18.Vélib-abicycle rental syste
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tional and EU authorities as well a
Page 113 and 114: National Highway Research Laborator
Page 115 and 116: innovation in terms of rail shape a
Page 117 and 118: Infrastructural innovations aim at
Page 119 and 120: 14. Konings R., ThijsR., Foldable C
Page 121 and 122: tainable competitive advantage in t
Page 123 and 124: ten years. Technological innovation
Page 125 and 126: ticians, researchers and practition
Page 127 and 128: show that it is the time of respons
Page 129 and 130: gies were gaining more importance i
Page 131 and 132: chain at a strategic level and focu
Page 133 and 134: sary for company management and for
Page 135 and 136: - Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Page 137 and 138: effective solution of logistic task
Page 139 and 140: - thermostat warehouse. Automation
Page 141 and 142: assess the productivity of the rend
Page 143 and 144: 15. Follow the leaders. Scoring hig
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 6 NEW-GENERATION TRANSPORT
Page 147 and 148: 1. The Panama Canal bridge 2. The B
Page 149 and 150: Among intercontinental crossings is
Page 151 and 152: Each human action has an effect on
Page 153 and 154: monious effect remains ingrained de
Page 155 and 156: Regrettably, the project was not co
Page 157 and 158: 6.7. Bibliography 1. Brown D. J., M
Page 159 and 160: The purpose of this chapter is not
Page 161 and 162: 7 8 9 10 11 12 Improving road safet
Page 163: Table 20. Satellite navigation in t
Page 167 and 168: of rail tracks, inspections and tes
Page 169 and 170: 9. Roads. Galileo Application Sheet
Page 171 and 172: transport modes, infrastructure and
Page 173 and 174: - plan the routes and optimize park
Page 175 and 176: ies. In modern logistics systems, t
Page 177 and 178: Fig. 33. Option II of vehicle route
Page 179 and 180: Optimization of route selection dep
Page 181 and 182: Chapter 9 NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOG
Page 183 and 184: uilding. The competitive advantage
Page 185 and 186: - systems for planning and optimiza
Page 187 and 188: and consist of defining information
Page 189 and 190: 2. Naporowska E., Warunki rozwoju e
Page 191 and 192: 10.2. Factors causing changes in ur
Page 193 and 194: 10.3. Model description of modern u
Page 195 and 196: The French urban transport organiza
Page 197 and 198: petitiveness of urban transport wit
Page 199 and 200: a system of rewards and penalties b
Page 201 and 202: sales of tickets received on the ba
Page 203 and 204: Chapter 11 SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILI
Page 205 and 206: einstate the proper role of environ
Page 207 and 208: European cities had already been af
Page 209 and 210: limiting car use, especially in cit
Page 211 and 212: - support instruments for measures
Page 213 and 214: City-wide Campaigns Innovative dema
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ture, of consistent cycle-promoting
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should be treated preferentially in
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is that the bicycle is quite simply
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Fig. 40. Comparison of various tran
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struggle with inappropriate pavemen
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Bicycle racks Other amenities They
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Table 30. Comparison of percentage
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12.8. Bibliography 1. Cycling: the
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and using nuclear, solar, water or
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methods of performance enhancement
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Table 31. Timeline of Euro standard
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10. Smalko Z., Sznytko J., Kierunki
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Transport activity, a complementary
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sis for making them more dynamic. I
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The literature of the subject menti
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specific nature of new markets and
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In this context, the operation of T
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Chapter 15 FACTORS INFLUENCING MODA
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- to improve the understanding of u
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The fiscal function of the charges
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15.3. Examples of How Differentiate
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- increasing the accepted weight of
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Still, from a technological viewpoi
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At last, one notices that the natur
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operation it results from, whereas
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16.6. New qualitative preference of
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The importance of quality of servic
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Chapter 17 TRENDS IN WORLD SHIPPING
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17.2. World seaborne trade and the
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Table 37. World fleet size in the 1
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day in 2011, compared with 83.3 mil
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hicles at the end of 2005 to 168 ca
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ate of BSR countries is higher than
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In the BSR, as well as the entire E
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2005, the volume of cargo handled i
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Among the trends of the EU transpor
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enlarge loading capacity at minimum
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18.5. Port business diversification
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18.6. Relations with port cities, r
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Chapter 19 MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL MAN
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Green Paper on the Impact of Transp
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- new tasks have appeared in connec
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this area resulted in the Greening
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activities aimed at separating dema
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It is also worth noting that energy
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Table 41. The most likely growth sc
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Table 42. Towards sustainable trans
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such. The use of the existing infra
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Chapter 20 DEVELOPEMNT OF INTERNATI
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tional logistics strengthened, and
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Paradoxically, we can say that the
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their financial resources (by 2008)
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At present, there are 15 Euroregion
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4) international financial relation
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Where: F= number of trips between t
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6. Logistyka w internacjonalizacjio
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prastructure and logistics services
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In the 1980s, more factors appeared
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which plans to cover the whole coun
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and Eastern Europe, it is only a lo
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to open for market economy. It led
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used and where the full range of co
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of intralogistics (see Fig. 68). Th
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sulting in the creation of new of s
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changes refers mainly to these sect
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costs. Because of the “bypassing
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5. Bogaschewsky R., Globale Beschaf
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this theory, a natural course of de
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On the other hand, the company’s
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a basis, particularly the evaluatio
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The ‘list of risks’ method cons
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the success of this risk descriptio
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It must be stressed that what is at
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Partial formalization in the proces
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etween those types of investments c
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other sectors of the economy. Such
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Comparative analysis of innovative
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on presenting periodical payment in
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time) of a new solution that has no
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12. Pietrzyka B., Klasyfikacja prze
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activities more attractive (quads 1
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interdisciplinary, although individ
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tem and modal deficiencies of conte
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Hydrogen propulsion is becoming ano
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can be regarded as the most importa
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lift-sharing, also called car-pooli
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A large group of technologies, give
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Every human activity has an impact
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The most useful function of road ca
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a growing number of inhabitants liv
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nation-wide promotional campaigns a
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As for innovations aimed at using a
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of freight on a given route, shapin
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and development of ports as land-se
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of economy: they are high in consum
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than potential profits the innovati
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PODSUMOWANIE I WNIOSKI (Jan Burnewi
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nia od podstaw w wybranych regionac
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ski. Strategicznym (nadrzêdnym) ce
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struktorów samochodów elektryczny
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opracowan¹ z myœl¹ o ograniczeni
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acji lotniska i l¹dowiska. Wœród
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w¹tpliwych efektów wdra¿ania now
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œwiecie koncepcji i nowych rozwi¹
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nologie budownictwa infrastruktural
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TEN wpisany zosta³ projekt europej
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staw/ w ramach sieci dostaw (certyf
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nych), takich jak wprowadzanie ró
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obytu ludzie staj¹ siê coraz bard
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Trzy pierwsze typy procesów innowa
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który musi opracowywaæ nowatorski
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Przemiany technologiczne i innowacy
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ne uwidoczni³a siê ju¿ pod konie
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nia logistycznego, • stosowanie f
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Formalizacja oceny ryzyka w innowac
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List of tables Table 1. Innovation
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Table 50. Time horizon of risk fact
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Fig. 24. Strategic crossings within
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About Authors El¿bieta Adamowicz:
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Michel Savy: Professor in the Unive
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