Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

– the shaping and consolidation of innovative attitudes in the economy;
– the improvement of the efficiency and effectiveness of modern solutions
in the entire economy 15 .
The assumptions and goals of the innovation policy of the state are implemented
by economic and financial economic policy instruments as well as by
legislative and structural solutions. The state may influence directly or indirectly
the achievement of adopted goals 16 . We can identify the following three types of
state innovation policies 17 :
a) participatory – direct measures enacted by specialised institutions to finance
scientific research and direct financial support for innovative processes in
enterprises (covering fully or in part the cost of research, implementation,
modernisation of equipment, etc.);
b) regulatory – indirect activities of the state such as adoption of legislative
measures;
c) supportive – influencing entities that implement innovation processes by:
– institutional assistance, by assigning financial means to selected institutions
(entity-targeted),
– support to projects, involving grants for research projects selected from
amongst governmental research projects or high priority projects.
The effectiveness of implemented innovation policies can be measured by
various indicators, e.g.:
– GDP per capita growth;
– growing exports, including exports of advanced technology product
group;
– falling manufacturing costs,
– growing share of new and upgraded products in total sales;
– falling wear-and-tear of machinery and equipment;
– falling unemployment rate 18 .
processed products applying high-tech teleinformatic products”. Cele i kierunki rozwoju spo³eczeñstwa
informacyjnego w Polsce. KBN, Ministry of Communication, Warsaw, 28 November 2000,
http://www.kbn.gov.pl/cele/index1.html.
15 http://www.mg.gov.struktur/DSG/sg_innow/menu.htm.
16 The French model is an example of direct solutions. To implement the pro-innovation policy
France established an Agency for Valuation of Research and a Fund for Scientific and Technological
Research. Thanks to these institutions, inventions are implemented with partial participation in research
and implementation costs, etc. The French model was also applied in the US. The indirect action
of the state on innovation policies is adopted by the British and Dutch model, where innovation
activity is stimulated by, inter alia, tax rates.
17 Polityka gospodarcza..., p. 399.
18 It should also be noted that more innovative economy contributes to improved productivity and
consequently, the loss of jobs. Innovation-related increase in employment is strictly connected with
the growing competitiveness of the economy, both in domestic and international terms. Growing
domestic competitiveness means production countering imports and development of the domestic
market by the higher purchasing power of the society and their growing needs. A rise in external
46