Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

2.2.3 Firm renewal (SM Es entries + exits) 5.1 United Kingdom (10.3) --
2.2.4 Public-private co-publications
Throughputs
31.4 Sweden (116.1) 1.3
2.3.1 EPO patents 105.7 Germany (275) 3.0
2.3.2 Community trademarks 124.6 Luxembourg (1220) 33.2
2.3.3 Community designs 121.8 Luxembourg (1018.6) 45.5
2.3.4 Technology Balance of Payments flows
OUTPUTS
Innovators
1.07 Ireland (9.92) 0.40
3.1.1 SM Es introducing product or process
innovations
33.7 Germany (52.8) 20.4
3.1.2 SM Es introducing marketing
or organisational innovations
40.0 Germany (68.1) 29.1
3.1.3 Resource efficiency innovators -- -- --
3.1.3a Reduced labour costs 18.0 Cyprus (29.2) 13.8
3.1.3b Reduced use of materials and energy
Economic effects
9.6 Greece (20.7) 11.6
3.2.1 Employment in medium-high & hightech
manufacturing
6.69 Czech Rep. (10.85) 5.50
3.2.2 Employment in knowledge-intensive
services
14.51 Luxembourg (23.94) 10.33
3.2.3 Medium-tech and high-tech
manufacturing exports
48.1 Malta (74.5) 48.9
3.2.4 Knowledge-intensive services exports 48.7 Luxembourg (82.4) 27.9
3.2.5 New-to-market sales 8.60 Malta (24.79) 4.56
3.2.6 New-to-firm sales 6.28 Romania (13.69) 5.55
Source: own study based on European Innovation Scoreboard 2008. Comparative Analysis of Innovation Performance.
Innometrics, January 2009.
Unfortunately, though some indicators show a rising trend, Poland rates
fifth last in terms of the Summary Innovation Index (Fig. 7), before Romania,
Bulgaria and Greece. In the group of countries covered by the European Innovation
Scoreboard, Sweden is the leader, rating first. Leading positions among
EU states are also held by Switzerland, Finland, Denmark and Germany. SII indicates
the gap between EU states (average SII for EU-25) and the United States
and Japan.
The weak position of Poland results from low EIS indicators, which show an
increase over the previous year but continue to lag behind EU average. Research
funding continues to be a problem for Poland. R&D expenditure in 2008
amounted to a mere 0.56% GDP, whereas the European average stands at 1.82%.
We should also remember that the Lisbon Strategy assumed that by 2010 expenditure
for R&D were to reach 3% GDP in all member states. Taking into account
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