Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

lines per 100 population), participation in life-long learning per 100 population
aged 25-64, youth education attainment level (% of population aged
20-24 having completed at least upper secondary education);
– knowledge creation: public R&D expenditures (% of GDP), business R&D
expenditure (% of GDP), share of medium-high-tech and high-tech R&D
(% of manufacturing R&D expenditure), share (%) of enterprises receiving
public funding for innovation;
– innovation and entrepreneurship: share of SMEs innovating in-house (%
of all SMEs), share of innovative SMEs co-operating with others (% of all
SMEs), share of innovation expenditure (% of total turnover), share of
venture capital in early-stage enterprise (% of GDP), ICT share of expenditure
(% of GDP), share of SMEs using organisational innovation
(% of all SMEs);
– application: share in employment in high-tech services (% of total workforce),
exports of high technology products as a share of total exports,
share in sales of new-to-market products (% of total turnover), share in
sales of new-to-firm products (% of total turnover), share of employment
in medium-high and high-tech manufacturing (% of total workforce);
– intellectual property: number of EPO 42 patents per million population,
USPTO 43 number of patents per million population, number of triadic patent
families 44 per million population, number of new community trademarks
per million population, number of new Community industrial designs
per million population.
The indicators given above are additionally divided into Input Indicators,
which embrace the first three groups, whereas the remaining indicators belong
to Output Indicators. Summary Innovation Index in 2008 is shown in Fig. 6.
It is worth emphasising that Poland enjoys one of the highest gross enrolment
ratios (GER). 91.6% of young Poles 45 have completed at least secondary
education. In Norway, this ratio reads 93.3% whereas the EU average is 78.1%.
The number of S&E graduates grows as does the share of population with tertiary
education. It should also be noted that the material and energy consumption
indicator in Poland is higher (11.6) than the EU-27 average (9.6) – see Table
8.
42 European Patent Office.
43 The United States Patent and Trademark Office.
44 Triadic patents families – the term refers to an invention registered with the European Patent Office
(EPO), Japanese Patent Office (JPO) and The United States Patent and Trademark Office
(USPTO).
45 In the age group 20 to 24.
55