Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

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producer supplier contractor carrier operation processing transformation transport Fig. 50. Transport service relationship Source: own study. service relationship transport service relationship consumer customer user shipper object information person consignment erations, is no longer concluded right away. A preliminary phase of preparation allows the conception of an original and adequate technical solution before its commercial negotiation, and big transport and logistics groups have for that purpose developed an in-house consultancy capacity. When the implementation of the contract begins, a monitoring process is usually set up, so as to develop a learning process on the basis of performance indicators, problem solving and results sharing strengthening the cooperative involvement of the shipper and of the carrier in the transport control. This trend is even stronger when the content of services shifts from mere transport to more comprehensive logistics operations. Shippers show new requirements in the nature and performance of services, adequate to more sophisticated and demanding management methods such as Just-in-time, whereas carriers broaden the scope of their supply so as to meet their customers' needs. As a whole, the tightening of service relationship between shipper and carrier increase the importance of quality of service. 16.4. Freight transport and quality of service usufruct monitoring ownership logistics control The issue of quality of service raises some difficulty, for its definition and for its implementation. The problem starts with the very notion of service, before considering its quality. A service is a process, it cannot be described and measured like a product: the knowledge of a service requires the description of the actual 261
operation it results from, whereas a good can be described independently from the upstream process that generates it. Once this issue accepted, one can call “quality of a service” the degree of adequacy of the actually provided service with the scheduled (theoretical) program it is supposed to fulfill. In this respect, the usual measure units of freight transport are poor (whether one uses tons or ton-kilometers does not make much difference), as they do not include transport key characteristics such as speed, safety, punctuality, flexibility, etc. The appraisal of this quality belongs both to the carrier and to the shipper, involved in the bilateral relationship of transport production and consumption. The measurement of quality can rely on the assessment of the process, according to its technical content: one can check the proper condition of vehicles, measure the lead-time, the frequency of transport, the punctuality of picking up, etc. Or it can rely on the assessment of the result, considering integrity of consignments, reliability concerning delivery address or punctuality of delivery, completeness of consignment (no missing parcel in a range of expected deliveries, e. g. when several spare parts are necessary to repair a machine), accuracy of documents (bill of lading, invoice, etc.) and finally flexibility (both for short range response to unexpected events and for long range innovation). Quality is of course specific to each transport operation, its definition has to be determined according to criterions and their weightings have to be set by the shipper and depending on his products. Some of these criterions are measurable and others more subjective. They correspond to an expected level of performance, and the comparison of actual adequacy with theoretical “quality” sets the rate of success or of failure, at least when the operation is recurrent and enables a statistics measurement. Total quality does not exist (or it would have an infinite cost), a tolerable rate of failure is set, implicit or explicit, according to an economic appraisal. Optimum quality is not maximum quality, a trade-off is set between logistics requirements and utility one the one hand, corresponding costs on the other hand, according to different levels of quality (see Fig. 51). transport cost sales optimum trade -off Fig. 51. Optimum level of quality Source: own study. 262 quality of service quality of service quality of service
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Contents FOREWORD (Jan Burnewicz)..
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9.4. Security of information.......
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20.3. Factors stimulating the devel
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great and has brought measurable ef
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The theory of innovation was introd
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According to Robert U. Ayres, who p
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tions may be of technological, orga
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1.2. Innovation features Innovation
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The sources of innovation embrace a
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Table 2. Innovation processes model
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of techniques. Strategic integratio
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32. Sudo³ S., Przedsiêbiorstwo pr
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land, attempts were made in the ear
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English 9 . As can be seen, the phr
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The European Union, being an area o
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tives of member states and associat
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- a direct result of research which
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is, in particular, the response to
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2.6. Bibliography 1. Blaug M., Teor
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stems from the economic policy 3 ,
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according to the linear innovation
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- the shaping and consolidation of
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Treaty of Amsterdam (“Research an
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Unfortunately, the first period of
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and technical subjects in several a
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Fig. 5), where growing competitiven
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Table 8. Innovation performance of
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0,700 0,600 0,500 0,400 0,300 0,200
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3.3. Polish innovation policy In Po
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lopment in the future, e.g. Turkey,
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1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
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- 6.4 billion euro to be provided b
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knowledge-based economy is the only
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- arising during business activity,
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- the use of advanced methods and t
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Chapter 4 A STUDY OF INNOVATIVE TRE
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In more recent centuries, though, t
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economic development. In this diagn
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placing private car use with public
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The prime module of modern transpor
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cialisation. 33 What this notion ac
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era in technology, but had no comme
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ecome a matter of honour for major
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Fig. 14. A Toyota FT-EV at Detroit
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Fuel Cell Vehicles - FCV) 75 are a
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94 - Toyota FCHV 81 is another of T
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- Daimler Mercedes-Benz Citaro fuel
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ange. The popularity of hybrid pass
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X2000 116 , the Finnish S220 117 ,
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•Commercial Turboprop Service •
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dards 138 . Intense activity can al
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- new technologies of winter inland
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Fig.18.Vélib-abicycle rental syste
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tional and EU authorities as well a
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National Highway Research Laborator
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innovation in terms of rail shape a
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Infrastructural innovations aim at
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14. Konings R., ThijsR., Foldable C
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tainable competitive advantage in t
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ten years. Technological innovation
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ticians, researchers and practition
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show that it is the time of respons
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gies were gaining more importance i
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chain at a strategic level and focu
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sary for company management and for
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- Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
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effective solution of logistic task
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- thermostat warehouse. Automation
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assess the productivity of the rend
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15. Follow the leaders. Scoring hig
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Chapter 6 NEW-GENERATION TRANSPORT
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1. The Panama Canal bridge 2. The B
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Among intercontinental crossings is
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Each human action has an effect on
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monious effect remains ingrained de
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Regrettably, the project was not co
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6.7. Bibliography 1. Brown D. J., M
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The purpose of this chapter is not
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7 8 9 10 11 12 Improving road safet
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Table 20. Satellite navigation in t
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predict a traffic jam on a specific
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of rail tracks, inspections and tes
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9. Roads. Galileo Application Sheet
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transport modes, infrastructure and
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- plan the routes and optimize park
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ies. In modern logistics systems, t
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Fig. 33. Option II of vehicle route
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Optimization of route selection dep
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Chapter 9 NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOG
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uilding. The competitive advantage
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- systems for planning and optimiza
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and consist of defining information
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2. Naporowska E., Warunki rozwoju e
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10.2. Factors causing changes in ur
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10.3. Model description of modern u
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The French urban transport organiza
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petitiveness of urban transport wit
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a system of rewards and penalties b
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sales of tickets received on the ba
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Chapter 11 SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILI
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einstate the proper role of environ
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European cities had already been af
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limiting car use, especially in cit
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Page 213 and 214: City-wide Campaigns Innovative dema
Page 215 and 216: ture, of consistent cycle-promoting
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Page 221 and 222: Fig. 40. Comparison of various tran
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Page 225 and 226: Bicycle racks Other amenities They
Page 227 and 228: Table 30. Comparison of percentage
Page 229 and 230: 12.8. Bibliography 1. Cycling: the
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Page 233 and 234: methods of performance enhancement
Page 235 and 236: Table 31. Timeline of Euro standard
Page 237 and 238: 10. Smalko Z., Sznytko J., Kierunki
Page 239 and 240: Transport activity, a complementary
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Page 243 and 244: The literature of the subject menti
Page 245 and 246: specific nature of new markets and
Page 247 and 248: In this context, the operation of T
Page 249 and 250: Chapter 15 FACTORS INFLUENCING MODA
Page 251 and 252: - to improve the understanding of u
Page 253 and 254: The fiscal function of the charges
Page 255 and 256: 15.3. Examples of How Differentiate
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Page 259 and 260: Still, from a technological viewpoi
Page 261: At last, one notices that the natur
Page 265 and 266: 16.6. New qualitative preference of
Page 267 and 268: The importance of quality of servic
Page 269 and 270: Chapter 17 TRENDS IN WORLD SHIPPING
Page 271 and 272: 17.2. World seaborne trade and the
Page 273 and 274: Table 37. World fleet size in the 1
Page 275 and 276: day in 2011, compared with 83.3 mil
Page 277 and 278: hicles at the end of 2005 to 168 ca
Page 279 and 280: ate of BSR countries is higher than
Page 281 and 282: In the BSR, as well as the entire E
Page 283 and 284: 2005, the volume of cargo handled i
Page 285 and 286: Among the trends of the EU transpor
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Page 289 and 290: 18.5. Port business diversification
Page 291 and 292: 18.6. Relations with port cities, r
Page 293 and 294: Chapter 19 MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL MAN
Page 295 and 296: Green Paper on the Impact of Transp
Page 297 and 298: - new tasks have appeared in connec
Page 299 and 300: this area resulted in the Greening
Page 301 and 302: activities aimed at separating dema
Page 303 and 304: It is also worth noting that energy
Page 305 and 306: Table 41. The most likely growth sc
Page 307 and 308: Table 42. Towards sustainable trans
Page 309 and 310: such. The use of the existing infra
Page 311 and 312: Chapter 20 DEVELOPEMNT OF INTERNATI
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tional logistics strengthened, and
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Paradoxically, we can say that the
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their financial resources (by 2008)
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At present, there are 15 Euroregion
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4) international financial relation
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Where: F= number of trips between t
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6. Logistyka w internacjonalizacjio
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prastructure and logistics services
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In the 1980s, more factors appeared
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which plans to cover the whole coun
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and Eastern Europe, it is only a lo
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to open for market economy. It led
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used and where the full range of co
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of intralogistics (see Fig. 68). Th
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sulting in the creation of new of s
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changes refers mainly to these sect
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costs. Because of the “bypassing
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5. Bogaschewsky R., Globale Beschaf
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this theory, a natural course of de
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On the other hand, the company’s
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a basis, particularly the evaluatio
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The ‘list of risks’ method cons
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the success of this risk descriptio
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It must be stressed that what is at
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Partial formalization in the proces
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etween those types of investments c
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other sectors of the economy. Such
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Comparative analysis of innovative
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on presenting periodical payment in
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time) of a new solution that has no
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12. Pietrzyka B., Klasyfikacja prze
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activities more attractive (quads 1
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interdisciplinary, although individ
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tem and modal deficiencies of conte
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Hydrogen propulsion is becoming ano
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can be regarded as the most importa
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lift-sharing, also called car-pooli
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A large group of technologies, give
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Every human activity has an impact
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The most useful function of road ca
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a growing number of inhabitants liv
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nation-wide promotional campaigns a
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As for innovations aimed at using a
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of freight on a given route, shapin
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and development of ports as land-se
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of economy: they are high in consum
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than potential profits the innovati
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PODSUMOWANIE I WNIOSKI (Jan Burnewi
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nia od podstaw w wybranych regionac
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ski. Strategicznym (nadrzêdnym) ce
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struktorów samochodów elektryczny
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opracowan¹ z myœl¹ o ograniczeni
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acji lotniska i l¹dowiska. Wœród
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w¹tpliwych efektów wdra¿ania now
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œwiecie koncepcji i nowych rozwi¹
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nologie budownictwa infrastruktural
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TEN wpisany zosta³ projekt europej
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staw/ w ramach sieci dostaw (certyf
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nych), takich jak wprowadzanie ró
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obytu ludzie staj¹ siê coraz bard
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Trzy pierwsze typy procesów innowa
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który musi opracowywaæ nowatorski
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Przemiany technologiczne i innowacy
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ne uwidoczni³a siê ju¿ pod konie
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nia logistycznego, • stosowanie f
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Formalizacja oceny ryzyka w innowac
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List of tables Table 1. Innovation
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Table 50. Time horizon of risk fact
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Fig. 24. Strategic crossings within
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About Authors El¿bieta Adamowicz:
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Michel Savy: Professor in the Unive
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