Untitled - Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego

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about the passed locations) and to off-board passengers waiting at stops and stations. The systems may be used in coaches (and trains), but also in rental cars 7 . A separate issue is the use of satellite navigation by taxi drivers and their clients, as well as taxi fleet operators. They can help the driver to chose the best route in order to avoid traffic jams and to precisely locate the destination. It helps the operator to manage the fleet better. Moreover, positioning receivers installed in mobile phones can automatically locate the passenger calling a taxi. Satellite navigation can also support the development of unconventional public transport services, e.g. suburban bus service in the form of taxi-bus service. The drivers could adjust the route, within specified limits, in response to immediate needs, for instance, to pick up a passenger from home. Satellite navigation is obviously a tool improving the safety of bus and taxi drivers. In case of danger they can immediately alert the police, who can automatically locate the vehicle thanks to the terminal installed on board. 7.3.2. Rail transport The use of satellite navigation in rail transport will create conditions to make this mode of transport more competitive, which is one of the conditions to change the modal split in haulage. Satellite navigation can be used to control movement of vehicles, especially on regional lines with low traffic, where the infrastructure does not include traditional traffic control devices. This will improve rail safety. A satellite navigation system together with telecommunications services can provide the engine driver and the supervising system with the relevant set of information. New possibilities can also be seen on lines with heavy traffic, where the common use of satellite navigation will improve traffic flow. In freight transport, satellite navigation will make direct freight tracking possible and, consequently, allow more effective rolling stock management. In a similar way as in public road transport, rail transport can also, perhaps even to a higher degree, use satellite navigation to create a kind of guide for onboard passengers about the surroundings and the location of the train, as well as journey time, further transfers etc. Thanks to these devices, also information for passengers waiting at railway stations can be more precise, giving train arrival times or delay times. Satellite navigation can also support engine drivers by helping them to optimise energy consumption. Thanks to precise information about train’s position relative to its surroundings, speed can be better adjusted to driving conditions, energy recovering breaking can be used, etc. Moreover, in checking the condition 7 Public transport. Galileo Application Sheets, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/doc/galileo_app10.pdf. 165
of rail tracks, inspections and tests using satellite navigation can replace the costly geodetic methods 8 . 7.3.3. Aviation Satellite navigation has been used in aviation ever since the GPS system was first developed. Pilots can use satellite navigation in various phases of the flight, from taxiing, through takeoff, flight and landing, which is particularly important in difficult weather conditions. The growing congestion in airports and on most busy routes is becoming an increasing problem in air transport. As a result, traffic management gains importance and it would be hard to imagine it without satellite positioning of airplanes. Moreover, in congested airports satellite navigation can improve ground operations. Thanks to GPS devices (or other satellite positioning systems) it is possible to provide traffic controllers with precise and up-to-date information about the bearings, the speed or the heading, especially in those areas where ground infrastructure is not sufficiently equipped in radar and communications devices 9 . The overriding goal is to improve safety in commercial flights. But satellite navigation can also be applied in recreational or sports flights of balloons, gliders etc. Another specific area of application for satellite devices in aviation is their installation in SAR and ambulance helicopters which, by their very nature, frequently take part in rescue operation in bad weather or in otherwise difficult conditions. Thanks to such application, the safety of these helicopters can be greatly improved. 7.3.4. Maritime and inland water transport Initially, the civilian application of satellite navigation was only limited to maritime transport. This was due to the considerable size of the devices, both the terminals and the satellite aerials. The fundamental application in this mode of transport is supporting open sea navigation, in order to improve safety at sea and prevent collisions. This is true for both cargo and passenger fleet, as well as tourist cruises, for instance in sailboats. Satellite navigation also improves operations in seaports, especially in bad weather conditions. This is also true for inland waterways, especially in difficult or narrow sections, in case of congestion or bad weather. Moreover, wherever 8 Rail. Galileo Application Sheets, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/doc/galileo_app12.pdf. 9 Aviation. Galileo Application Sheets, http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/doc/galileo_app07.pdf. 166
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Contents FOREWORD (Jan Burnewicz)..
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9.4. Security of information.......
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20.3. Factors stimulating the devel
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great and has brought measurable ef
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The theory of innovation was introd
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According to Robert U. Ayres, who p
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tions may be of technological, orga
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1.2. Innovation features Innovation
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The sources of innovation embrace a
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Table 2. Innovation processes model
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of techniques. Strategic integratio
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32. Sudo³ S., Przedsiêbiorstwo pr
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land, attempts were made in the ear
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English 9 . As can be seen, the phr
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The European Union, being an area o
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tives of member states and associat
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- a direct result of research which
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is, in particular, the response to
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2.6. Bibliography 1. Blaug M., Teor
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stems from the economic policy 3 ,
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according to the linear innovation
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- the shaping and consolidation of
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Treaty of Amsterdam (“Research an
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Unfortunately, the first period of
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and technical subjects in several a
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Fig. 5), where growing competitiven
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Table 8. Innovation performance of
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0,700 0,600 0,500 0,400 0,300 0,200
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3.3. Polish innovation policy In Po
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lopment in the future, e.g. Turkey,
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1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995
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- 6.4 billion euro to be provided b
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knowledge-based economy is the only
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- arising during business activity,
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- the use of advanced methods and t
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Chapter 4 A STUDY OF INNOVATIVE TRE
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In more recent centuries, though, t
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economic development. In this diagn
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placing private car use with public
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The prime module of modern transpor
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cialisation. 33 What this notion ac
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era in technology, but had no comme
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ecome a matter of honour for major
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Fig. 14. A Toyota FT-EV at Detroit
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Fuel Cell Vehicles - FCV) 75 are a
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94 - Toyota FCHV 81 is another of T
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- Daimler Mercedes-Benz Citaro fuel
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ange. The popularity of hybrid pass
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X2000 116 , the Finnish S220 117 ,
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•Commercial Turboprop Service •
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dards 138 . Intense activity can al
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- new technologies of winter inland
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Fig.18.Vélib-abicycle rental syste
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tional and EU authorities as well a
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National Highway Research Laborator
Page 115 and 116: innovation in terms of rail shape a
Page 117 and 118: Infrastructural innovations aim at
Page 119 and 120: 14. Konings R., ThijsR., Foldable C
Page 121 and 122: tainable competitive advantage in t
Page 123 and 124: ten years. Technological innovation
Page 125 and 126: ticians, researchers and practition
Page 127 and 128: show that it is the time of respons
Page 129 and 130: gies were gaining more importance i
Page 131 and 132: chain at a strategic level and focu
Page 133 and 134: sary for company management and for
Page 135 and 136: - Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
Page 137 and 138: effective solution of logistic task
Page 139 and 140: - thermostat warehouse. Automation
Page 141 and 142: assess the productivity of the rend
Page 143 and 144: 15. Follow the leaders. Scoring hig
Page 145 and 146: Chapter 6 NEW-GENERATION TRANSPORT
Page 147 and 148: 1. The Panama Canal bridge 2. The B
Page 149 and 150: Among intercontinental crossings is
Page 151 and 152: Each human action has an effect on
Page 153 and 154: monious effect remains ingrained de
Page 155 and 156: Regrettably, the project was not co
Page 157 and 158: 6.7. Bibliography 1. Brown D. J., M
Page 159 and 160: The purpose of this chapter is not
Page 161 and 162: 7 8 9 10 11 12 Improving road safet
Page 163 and 164: Table 20. Satellite navigation in t
Page 165: predict a traffic jam on a specific
Page 169 and 170: 9. Roads. Galileo Application Sheet
Page 171 and 172: transport modes, infrastructure and
Page 173 and 174: - plan the routes and optimize park
Page 175 and 176: ies. In modern logistics systems, t
Page 177 and 178: Fig. 33. Option II of vehicle route
Page 179 and 180: Optimization of route selection dep
Page 181 and 182: Chapter 9 NEW INFORMATION TECHNOLOG
Page 183 and 184: uilding. The competitive advantage
Page 185 and 186: - systems for planning and optimiza
Page 187 and 188: and consist of defining information
Page 189 and 190: 2. Naporowska E., Warunki rozwoju e
Page 191 and 192: 10.2. Factors causing changes in ur
Page 193 and 194: 10.3. Model description of modern u
Page 195 and 196: The French urban transport organiza
Page 197 and 198: petitiveness of urban transport wit
Page 199 and 200: a system of rewards and penalties b
Page 201 and 202: sales of tickets received on the ba
Page 203 and 204: Chapter 11 SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILI
Page 205 and 206: einstate the proper role of environ
Page 207 and 208: European cities had already been af
Page 209 and 210: limiting car use, especially in cit
Page 211 and 212: - support instruments for measures
Page 213 and 214: City-wide Campaigns Innovative dema
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should be treated preferentially in
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is that the bicycle is quite simply
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Fig. 40. Comparison of various tran
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struggle with inappropriate pavemen
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Bicycle racks Other amenities They
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Table 30. Comparison of percentage
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12.8. Bibliography 1. Cycling: the
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and using nuclear, solar, water or
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methods of performance enhancement
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Table 31. Timeline of Euro standard
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10. Smalko Z., Sznytko J., Kierunki
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Transport activity, a complementary
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sis for making them more dynamic. I
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The literature of the subject menti
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specific nature of new markets and
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In this context, the operation of T
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Chapter 15 FACTORS INFLUENCING MODA
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- to improve the understanding of u
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The fiscal function of the charges
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15.3. Examples of How Differentiate
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- increasing the accepted weight of
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Still, from a technological viewpoi
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At last, one notices that the natur
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operation it results from, whereas
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16.6. New qualitative preference of
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The importance of quality of servic
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Chapter 17 TRENDS IN WORLD SHIPPING
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17.2. World seaborne trade and the
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Table 37. World fleet size in the 1
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day in 2011, compared with 83.3 mil
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hicles at the end of 2005 to 168 ca
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ate of BSR countries is higher than
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In the BSR, as well as the entire E
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2005, the volume of cargo handled i
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Among the trends of the EU transpor
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enlarge loading capacity at minimum
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18.5. Port business diversification
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18.6. Relations with port cities, r
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Chapter 19 MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL MAN
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Green Paper on the Impact of Transp
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- new tasks have appeared in connec
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this area resulted in the Greening
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activities aimed at separating dema
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It is also worth noting that energy
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Table 41. The most likely growth sc
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Table 42. Towards sustainable trans
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such. The use of the existing infra
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Chapter 20 DEVELOPEMNT OF INTERNATI
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tional logistics strengthened, and
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Paradoxically, we can say that the
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their financial resources (by 2008)
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At present, there are 15 Euroregion
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4) international financial relation
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Where: F= number of trips between t
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6. Logistyka w internacjonalizacjio
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prastructure and logistics services
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In the 1980s, more factors appeared
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which plans to cover the whole coun
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and Eastern Europe, it is only a lo
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to open for market economy. It led
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used and where the full range of co
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of intralogistics (see Fig. 68). Th
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sulting in the creation of new of s
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changes refers mainly to these sect
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costs. Because of the “bypassing
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5. Bogaschewsky R., Globale Beschaf
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this theory, a natural course of de
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On the other hand, the company’s
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a basis, particularly the evaluatio
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The ‘list of risks’ method cons
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the success of this risk descriptio
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It must be stressed that what is at
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Partial formalization in the proces
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etween those types of investments c
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other sectors of the economy. Such
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Comparative analysis of innovative
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on presenting periodical payment in
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time) of a new solution that has no
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12. Pietrzyka B., Klasyfikacja prze
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activities more attractive (quads 1
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interdisciplinary, although individ
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tem and modal deficiencies of conte
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Hydrogen propulsion is becoming ano
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can be regarded as the most importa
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lift-sharing, also called car-pooli
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A large group of technologies, give
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Every human activity has an impact
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The most useful function of road ca
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a growing number of inhabitants liv
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nation-wide promotional campaigns a
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As for innovations aimed at using a
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of freight on a given route, shapin
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and development of ports as land-se
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of economy: they are high in consum
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than potential profits the innovati
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PODSUMOWANIE I WNIOSKI (Jan Burnewi
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nia od podstaw w wybranych regionac
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ski. Strategicznym (nadrzêdnym) ce
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struktorów samochodów elektryczny
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opracowan¹ z myœl¹ o ograniczeni
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acji lotniska i l¹dowiska. Wœród
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w¹tpliwych efektów wdra¿ania now
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œwiecie koncepcji i nowych rozwi¹
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nologie budownictwa infrastruktural
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TEN wpisany zosta³ projekt europej
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staw/ w ramach sieci dostaw (certyf
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nych), takich jak wprowadzanie ró
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obytu ludzie staj¹ siê coraz bard
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Trzy pierwsze typy procesów innowa
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który musi opracowywaæ nowatorski
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Przemiany technologiczne i innowacy
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ne uwidoczni³a siê ju¿ pod konie
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nia logistycznego, • stosowanie f
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Formalizacja oceny ryzyka w innowac
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List of tables Table 1. Innovation
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Table 50. Time horizon of risk fact
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Fig. 24. Strategic crossings within
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About Authors El¿bieta Adamowicz:
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Michel Savy: Professor in the Unive
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