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8.62. Householders, men with male issue, and indigenous (inhabitants of the country, be they) Kshatriyas,<br />
Vaisyas, or Sudras, are competent, when called by a suitor, to give evidence, not any persons whatever (their<br />
condition may be) except in cases of urgency.<br />
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8.63. Trustworthy men of all the (four) castes (varna) may be made witnesses in lawsuits, (men) who know<br />
(their) whole duty, and are free from covetousness; but let him reject those (of an) opposite (character).<br />
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8.64. Those must not be made (witnesses) who have an interest in the suit, nor familiar (friends), companions,<br />
and enemies (of the parties), nor (men) formerly convicted (of perjury), nor (persons) suffering under (severe)<br />
illness, nor (those) tainted (by mortal sin).<br />
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8.65. The king cannot be made a witness, nor mechanics and actors, nor a: Srotriya, nor a student of the Veda,<br />
nor (an ascetic) who has given up (all) connexion (with the world),<br />
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8.66. Nor one wholly dependent, nor one of bad fame, nor a Dasyu, nor one who follows forbidden occupations,<br />
nor an aged (man), nor an infant, nor one (man alone), nor a man of the lowest castes, nor one deficient in<br />
organs of sense,<br />
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8.67. Nor one extremely grieved, nor one intoxicated, nor a madman, nor one tormented by hunger or thirst, nor<br />
one oppressed by fatigue, nor one tormented by desire, nor a wrathful man, nor a thief.<br />
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8.68. Women should give evidence for women, and for twice-born men twice-born men (of the) same (kind),<br />
virtuous Sudras for Sudras, and men of the lowest castes for the lowest.<br />
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8.69. But any person whatsoever, who has personal knowledge (of an act committed) in the interior apartments<br />
(of a house), or in a forest, or of (a crime causing) loss of life, may give evidence between the parties.<br />
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8.70. On failure (of qualified witnesses, evidence) may given (in such cases) by a woman, by an infant, by an<br />
aged man, by a pupil, by a relative, by a slave, or by a hired servant.<br />
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8.71. But the (judge) should consider the evidence of infants, aged and diseased men, who (are apt to) speak<br />
untruly, as untrustworthy, likewise that of men with disordered minds.