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112 Gabriel Dorta salient communicative behaviour which exceeds what participants construct as being appropriate to the ongoing social interaction and is open to evaluations as (im)polite. As for chats, this behaviour is expressed through activities of special treatment (‘Honorierungsaktivitäten’, see Brinker & Sager 2001:155). Based on recordings from two German-speaking chat-rooms, I will show that politeness is put into practice to overcome some restrictions and to express partial commitment, friendliness and closeness among participants. The results of the analysis question the usual categorization of social relationships as ‘formal’ or ‘informal’. In the case of chats, social relationships must be classified in those that show more or less commitment. Finally, the study opens some future research questions about the cultural impact on politeness strategies in chats. 2. Chat communication and its non-committal frame In every communicative exchange, participants follow several social norms and thereby show, to a certain extent, commitment and involvement in the interaction. According to Höflich & Gebhardt (2001), chat communication occurs precisely within a non-committal frame, which determines the way people manage their interaction in a written medium. In this frame, social relationships are characterized by their instability and non-commitment. They result from a superficial and playful contact with chatters who show interest in interacting with others (ibid:41). One of the basic components of this non-committal frame is the possibility of logging out of the chat-room without giving any reason for not continuing the interaction with others. This possibility opens a new scope of communicative actions which would not always be free of social sanctions in the face-to-face interaction. A second component of this frame is the participants’ relative anonymity. Due to the medium’s restriction to the written communication channel, it is solely the chatter who decides which information he or she gives about his or her physical features or their private lives. The agreement of the given information with the participants’ real physical characteristics plays a minor role in the interaction (cf. Dorta 2005:62ff). More important are the presented attributes and the participants’ linguistic behaviour for the interaction course, for catching the chatters’ attention and establishing contact with them (cf. Höflich & Gebhardt 2001:32f.). The recognition of the chats’ non-committal frame is fundamental for managing the interaction in this medium. For Höflich & Gebhardt (2001), this frame should no be considered as negative or deficient but as a restatement of relationships’ patterns that are spreading out” (ibid:35). Social relationships are thereby “associated with a partial and functional commitment and involvement; they primarily require that chatters manage the respective communicative situation or, using the current terminology, the particular frame (ibid:36).
Politeness and Social Dynamics in the Chat Communication 113 There are, however, two other fundamental elements of this non-committal frame which Höflich & Gebhardt (2001) do not deal with: the speed of the information exchange (related with the production and reception of an utterance) and the creation of diverse and quickly changing constellations of chatters. This will be illustrated in the following section. 2.1 Non-commitment in chats: Analysis of an example In the episode below, participants complain about a large message sent by the chatter jan-eike through the commands ‘copy’ and ‘paste’. That message (not shown in the example) was approximately sixteen lines long and filled the whole main window of the chat-room: (1) Example (recording 19_15.09.01 episode 6) 957 Desertstorm: 958 @jan-eike diese megageposte stört!!! [20:45:20] “@jan-eike this megaposter disturbs!!!” [...] 965 Satom: 966 jan eike: glaubst du, irgendjemand hat da zeit für? [20:45:27] “jan eike: do you think anyone has time to read it?” [...] 977 Ratatosk: 978 jan-eike: weniger text auf einmal bitte, liest eh keiner ausführlich [20:45:45] “jan-eike: please less text at once, nobody can read it in detail” [...] 985 Oliver663: 986 @jan-eike das klingt ziemlich antisemitisch was du da von dir lässt [20:45:57] “@jan-eike it sounds quite anti-semitic what you let us know” [...] 1024 jan-eike: 1025 oliver663: wie gesagt, text nicht mir! [20:46:56] “oliver663: as I said, it’s not my text” [...] 1038 Oliver663: 1039 ok warum veroeffentlichst du ihn dann? [20:47:17] “ok why do you send it then?” [...] In Desertstorm’s message (l. 958), the participant criticizes the sending of such a large contribution and indicates simultaneously the infringement of her own territory of communicative action. The concept of territory of communicative action refers to participants’ claims for their own private sphere, for a selfdetermined scope of action and for establishing the interaction topics, among others (cf. Keim 2001:190ff).
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Introduction The core of this first
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The Practice of Repeating in Englis
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32 Marion Grein Goffman, Erving. 19
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34 Yana Tregubova kultureller Aspek
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38 Yana Tregubova Warum wird die Ge
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40 Yana Tregubova zählt, sollte es
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