3 Fundamentals of press design

6 Basic principles of metal forming
to achieve certain useful properties. Such processes include heat treatment
processes such as hardening or recrystallization annealing.
Forming – as the technology forming the central subject matter of this
book – is defined by DIN 8580 as manufacturing through the threedimensional
or plastic modification of a shape while retaining its mass
and material cohesion. In contrast to deformation, forming is the modification
of a shape with controlled geometry. Forming processes are
categorized as chipless or non-material removal processes.
In practice, the field of “forming technology” includes not only the
main category of forming but also subtopics, the most important of
which are dividing and joining through forming (Fig.2.1.2). Combinations
with other manufacturing processes such as laser machining or casting
are also used.
2.1.2 Forming
Forming techniques are classified in accordance with DIN 8582
depending on the main direction of applied stress (Fig.2.1.3):
–forming under compressive conditions,
–forming under combined tensile and compressive conditions,
–forming under tensile conditions,
–forming by bending,
–forming under shear conditions.
forming under compressive
conditions
forming under compressive
and tensile conditions
forming parting joining
forming under tensile conditions
forming by bending
forming under shear conditions
Metal Forming Handbook / Schuler (c) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998
dividing
joining through forming
Fig. 2.1.2
Production
processes
used in
the field
of forming
technology