3 Fundamentals of press design

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48 Fundamentals of press design pneumatic draw cushion (Fig. 3.1.13, top). However, it is only marginally possible to achieve a constant blank holder force at high impact speeds (Fig. 3.1.13, bottom).The conditions for the hydraulic draw cushion with displacement cylinders (Fig.3.1.11) are significantly more favorable. Since the pressure build-up does not take place until the beginning of the piston movement, even at maximum impact speed the blank holder force peaks only minimally and is quickly dissipated (Fig. 3.1.12). Accordingly, in general terms a lead of the blank holder in the die of some 30mm is sufficient to ensure that the entire drawing process takes place at a constant blank holder force. blank holder force rated blank holder force blank holder force rated blank holder force leadtravel pointofimpact withdrawcushion leadtravel pointofimpact withdrawcushion startofdrawing delayed startofdrawing delayed impactspeed 40% time impactspeed 100% Fig. 3.1.13 Progression of blank holder force of a pneumatic draw cushion depending on impact speed Metal Forming Handbook / Schuler (c) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998 time
3 Fundamentals of press design 3.2 Mechanical presses 3.2.1 Determination of characteristic data The following paragraphs will deal with basic principles concerning force, work and power of mechanical presses. If a weight of 75 kg is suspended from a crane rope, a force of around 750 N (force F = Mass m · gravitational acceleration g) acts on the rope. As long as the weight is not raised, no work is performed, as the work W [Nm] is the product of force F [N] and distance h [m]: W = F⋅h If this weight is now raised by 1m, the work performed amounts to: W = 750 N⋅ 1m = 750 Nm This work can be obtained from the weight again when it drops by 1 m. However, the magnitude of the resulting force depends on the distance over which the work takes place: F = W/ h If, therefore, a force of 750 N is uniformly exerted to raise the weight over a distance of 1 m, the same force will be expended if the entire work is performed when lowering the weight over a distance of 1 m. A different situation results if the weight initially drops freely for half Metal Forming Handbook / Schuler (c) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998
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Metal Forming Handbook /Schuler (c)
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123 METAL FORMING Metal Forming Han
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Preface Following the long traditio
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Contributors ADAM, K., Dipl.-Ing. (
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Contents Index of formula symbols .
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Contents 3.6.5 Measures to be under
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Contents 5.3 Component development
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Index of formula symbols � rib an
Page 17 and 18: Index of formular symbols d inner d
Page 19 and 20: Index of formular symbols p G avera
Page 21 and 22: 1 Introduction Technology has exert
Page 23 and 24: Introduction Fig. 1.1 L. Schuler, M
Page 25 and 26: 2 Basic principles of metal forming
Page 27 and 28: Methods of forming and cutting tech
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Page 47 and 48: Basic terms in which � 1 is defor
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Page 51 and 52: Basic terms fracture, this characte
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Page 55 and 56: Press types and press construction
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Page 71 and 72: Mechanical presses , distance s[m]
Page 73 and 74: Mechanical presses stress on the fr
Page 75 and 76: Mechanical presses stroke [mm] 900
Page 77 and 78: Mechanical presses This offers a nu
Page 79 and 80: Mechanical presses or bottom mounte
Page 81 and 82: Mechanical presses In crossbar tran
Page 83 and 84: Mechanical presses with a long serv
Page 85 and 86: Mechanical presses Fig. 3.2.9 Drive
Page 87 and 88: Mechanical presses Overload safety
Page 89 and 90: Mechanical presses Slide cushion So
Page 91 and 92: Mechanical presses imum pneumatic p
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Page 95 and 96: Hydraulic presses Design of the dri
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Page 101 and 102: Hydraulic presses F 4 I P (F ) max
Page 103 and 104: Hydraulic presses are two variation
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Page 107 and 108: Changing dies to a weight of 3 t pr
Page 109 and 110: Changing dies gearwithguidinggroove
Page 111 and 112: Changing dies are changed in solid
Page 113 and 114: Changing dies hydraulic clamping me
Page 115 and 116: Press control systems 3.5.3 Operati
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Press control systems The communica
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Press control systems Fig. 3.5.5 PL
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Press control systems Fig. 3.5.7 Sw
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Press control systems Other approac
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Press safety and certification 3.6.
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Press safety and certification with
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Press safety and certification - st
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Press safety and certification Manu
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Press safety and certification pres
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Press safety and certification 3.6.
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Press safety and certification tion
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Casting components for presses Fig.
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4 Sheet metal forming and blanking
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Principles of die manufacture icall
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Principles of die manufacture becau
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Principles of die manufacture go-ah
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Principles of die manufacture produ
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Principles of die manufacture Fig.
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Principles of die manufacture a b c
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Principles of die manufacture the p
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Metal Forming Handbook / Schuler (c
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Principles of die manufacture 0.00
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Principles of die manufacture blank
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Principles of die manufacture how i
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Principles of die manufacture spott
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing me
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing In
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing ac
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing 3
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing 20
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing β
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing Ex
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing Bl
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing bl
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing Ta
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing Au
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing Ti
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing Hi
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing -
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing -
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing se
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing fo
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing pu
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing ag
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Coil lines Fig. 4.3.1 Coil line for
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Coil lines Fig. 4.3.3 Compact desig
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Sheet metal forming lines In the ca
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Sheet metal forming lines Fig. 4.4.
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Sheet metal forming lines ing of th
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Sheet metal forming lines (Fig. 4.4
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Sheet metal forming lines The two l
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Sheet metal forming lines 1,860mm a
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Sheet metal forming lines ver’s c
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Sheet metal forming lines During th
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Sheet metal forming lines 4.4.4 Des
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Sheet metal forming lines individua
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Sheet metal forming lines As early
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Sheet metal forming lines In modern
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Sheet metal forming lines 4.4.6 Tra
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Sheet metal forming lines protects
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Sheet metal forming lines Within th
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Sheet metal forming lines power req
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Sheet metal forming lines Press lay
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Sheet metal forming lines higher st
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Sheet metal forming lines Draw cush
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Sheet metal forming lines These com
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Sheet metal forming lines motion cu
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Sheet metal forming lines increase
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Sheet metal forming lines (cf. Fig.
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Sheet metal forming lines larly str
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Sheet metal forming lines ing parts
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Sheet metal forming lines - efficie
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Sheet metal forming lines - Automat
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Sheet metal forming lines Local ope
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Sheet metal forming lines modules a
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Sheet metal forming lines Table 4.4
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Sheet metal forming lines sion foll
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Blanking processes to complete brea
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Blanking processes Fig. 4.5.5 Top-t
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Blanking processes 56.8% 65.0% 67.4
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Blanking processes a configuration
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Blanking processes flat punch U bev
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Blanking processes Using these equa
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Blanking processes x S = 66. 6 (s a
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Blanking processes 0.18 10 10.36 27
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.1 Slitting
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Shearing lines The blanking process
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Shearing lines Blanking presses for
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Shearing lines 4.6.3 High-speed bla
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Shearing lines mass counterbalance
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.9 Influence
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.11 Rotor an
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.13 Complete
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.15 Complete
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.17 Flexible
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Shearing lines which run, backlash-
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Shearing lines that up to 150 strok
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.21 Automati
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.24 Passenge
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Shearing lines F F resistance weldi
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Shearing lines In contrast to conve
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Shearing lines The stripper plate i
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.32 Examples
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Shearing lines - provision of all i
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.35 Machine
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.37 Failure
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Shearing lines Structure of the ele
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Shearing lines interference, or whe
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Fine blanking - smaller dimensional
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Fine blanking f i blanking force F
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Fine blanking blanking force F s I
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Fine blanking plate of the die, whi
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Fine blanking case hardening nitrit
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Fine blanking not been soft anneale
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Fine blanking it is also possible t
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Fine blanking Example: We wish to p
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Fine blanking s h S1 tearing E frac
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Fine blanking punches, as well as t
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Fine blanking subsequently quenched
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Fine blanking Fig. 4.7.22 Two-stati
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Fine blanking Blanking plate 2 is l
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Fine blanking 1 2 5 6 3 Fig. 4.7.25
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Fine blanking blankingpunch 1 2 inn
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Fine blanking vee-ring piston diehe
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Fine blanking measuring the pressur
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Fine blanking pallets reach the sta
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Bending Table 4.8.1 gives the small
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Bending Accordingly, the necessary
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Bending Example: You wish to bend a
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Bending F F b or b 2 b ⋅s ⋅R =
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Bending Fig. 4.8.7 Roll forming: ro
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Bending Fig. 4.8.13 Hat sections Fi
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Bending Table 4.8.3: Material coeff
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Bending The roll stand for profile
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Bending frame Fig. 4.8.23 Work shaf
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Bending Fig. 4.8.25 Roller straight
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Bending W W t t W Wma s Fig. 4.8.28
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4 Sheet metal forming and blanking
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Organization of stamping plants Whe
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Organization of stamping plants Tab
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Organization of stamping plants lic
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Organization of stamping plants bat
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Organization of stamping plants Tab
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Organization of stamping plants ele
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Organization of stamping plants une
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5 Hydroforming 5.1 General One of t
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Process technology and example appl
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5 Hydroforming 5.3 Component develo
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Component development a component d
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Component development 100% D D 75%
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Component development Pure expansio
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Die engineering diameter and stroke
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5 Hydroforming 5.5 Materials and pr
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Materials and preforms for producin
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Presses for hydroforming Controllab
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5 Hydroforming 5.7 General consider
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General considerations inward hole
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6 Solid forming (Forging) 6.1 Gener
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General lets that can be produced t
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General Fig. 6.1.4 Examples of coin
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General Table 6.1.1: Comparison bet
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6 Solid forming (Forging) 6.2 Benef
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Benefits of solid forming 6.2.2 Wor
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Benefits of solid forming range”
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Benefits of solid forming sions fro
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Benefits of solid forming Where no
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Materials, billet production and su
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Formed part and process plan requir
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Formed part and process plan 6.4.2
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6 Solid forming (Forging) 6.5 Force
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Force and work requirement d 0 d 2
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Force and work requirement For die
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Force and work requirement The mini
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Force and work requirement dies) (c
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Part transfer There is a broad rang
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Part transfer For cold forming proc
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6 Solid forming (Forging) 6.7 Die d
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Die design wedge adjustment auxilia
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Die design Table 6.7.1: Modular sys
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Die design Fig. 6.7.5 Shearing die
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Die design for radial stress � r
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Die design The off-center applied f
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Die design Table 6.7.4: Heat treatm
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Die design Powder metal-manufacture
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Die design ledeburitic 12 % chromiu
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Die design system integrated into b
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6 Solid forming (Forging) 6.8 Press
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Presses used for solid forming mult
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Presses used for solid forming slid
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Presses used for solid forming Fig.
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Presses used for solid forming duct
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Presses used for solid forming 6.8.
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Presses used for solid forming tati
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Presses used for solid forming adeq
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Presses used for solid forming Embo
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Presses used for solid forming ment
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Presses used for solid forming feed
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Presses used for solid forming hopp
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Presses used for solid forming coin
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Presses used for solid forming Univ
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Presses used for solid forming Meda
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Presses used for solid forming CNC-
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Presses used for solid forming forc
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Index A.S.T.M.-standard 451 abrasio
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Index cylinder -, counterpressure 4
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Index flying shear 288 flywheel 51-
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Index modified top drive 205-207 mo
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Index sand blasting 460 sandwich co
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Index washing/cleaning machine 219
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3 Fundamentals of press design

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