3 Fundamentals of press design

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70 Fundamentals of press design bushing against the clamp so that it can be rotated using a gliding motion in any direction on an oil cushion. Special seals are used to prevent oil leakage. The position of the eccentrics in relation to each other is modified from the control desk in accordance with the specific requirements of the die until the sum of the eccentricities reaches the required stroke. The positive connection between the eccentric shells is created as a result of pressure relief coupled with run-away of the oil through drainage grooves. For each die, it is possible to store the required stroke in the die data record. This information can be accessed again and used for automatic adjustment of the slide stroke. 3.2.9 Pneumatic system The major pneumatic functions of mechanical presses are the clutch, brake, flywheel brake, slide counterbalance, slide cushion and bed cushion. In the case of transfer presses, pneumatic functions also include the application of air pressure to the transfer cam followers and transport by suction cups. Large volumes of air require compressed air tanks with a monitoring safety function and drainage system. The max- eccentricbushing connectingrod groovesfor pressuremedium eccentric centralborefor pressuremedium innertaperedring clampingscrew outertaperedring Fig. 3.2.13 Continuous stroke adjustment in an eccentric press Metal Forming Handbook / Schuler (c) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998
Mechanical presses imum pneumatic pressure is generally 6 bar, although high-pressure networks or compressors producing a maximum of 16 bar are increasingly employed. The engineering of these auxiliary units is determined by valid standards and legal requirements. In general, galvanized gas lines between 1'' and 6'' are used for installation purposes. Smaller lines are configured using steel piping and cutting ring or beaded unions. The installation required for a large-panel transfer press with a structural volume of around 40 � 10 � 15m can comprise up 40t, including compressed air tank, pipes and appliances. 3.2.10 Hydraulic system The use of hydraulics in mechanical press construction is relatively minimal. Standard use of hydraulic engineering in this type of press is restricted to the hydraulic overload safeguard, raising the moving bolster and hydraulic die clamping systems. All these functions are generally supplied from a central hydraulic unit. In the case of transfer presses, these basic functions are complemented by other functions such as engagement of the clutch between the press and transfer drive systems and the comprehensive system of scrap ejection flaps. In addition, various clamping and locking devices around the press are hydraulically driven. The most important function in mechanical presses, engaging and braking the slide drive system, is being increasingly done by hydraulic means. The use of hydraulics permits higher switching frequencies in single presses and is also more environmentally friendly in terms of noise and air pollution. The clutch and brake are supplied by a central hydraulic unit equipped with a cooling system. A dual-channel safety control with regulated damping facility and pressure filtration to 10 µm is required. The increased use of deep drawing with single-acting presses places particularly stringent demands on the blankholding function and thus the draw cushion in the press bed (cf. Sect. 3.1.4), particularly in largepanel presses. Multiple-point bed cushions with pressure control capability are then only possible using a complex servo hydraulic system. Metal Forming Handbook / Schuler (c) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998 71
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Metal Forming Handbook /Schuler (c)
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123 METAL FORMING Metal Forming Han
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Preface Following the long traditio
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Contributors ADAM, K., Dipl.-Ing. (
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Contents Index of formula symbols .
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Contents 3.6.5 Measures to be under
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Contents 5.3 Component development
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Index of formula symbols � rib an
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Index of formular symbols d inner d
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Index of formular symbols p G avera
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1 Introduction Technology has exert
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Introduction Fig. 1.1 L. Schuler, M
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2 Basic principles of metal forming
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Methods of forming and cutting tech
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Page 39 and 40: Methods of forming and cutting tech
Page 45 and 46: 2 Basic principles of metal forming
Page 47 and 48: Basic terms in which � 1 is defor
Page 49 and 50: Basic terms cation of an exterior f
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Page 53 and 54: 3 Fundamentals of press design 3.1
Page 55 and 56: Press types and press construction
Page 71 and 72: Mechanical presses , distance s[m]
Page 73 and 74: Mechanical presses stress on the fr
Page 75 and 76: Mechanical presses stroke [mm] 900
Page 77 and 78: Mechanical presses This offers a nu
Page 79 and 80: Mechanical presses or bottom mounte
Page 81 and 82: Mechanical presses In crossbar tran
Page 83 and 84: Mechanical presses with a long serv
Page 85 and 86: Mechanical presses Fig. 3.2.9 Drive
Page 87 and 88: Mechanical presses Overload safety
Page 89: Mechanical presses Slide cushion So
Page 95 and 96: Hydraulic presses Design of the dri
Page 97 and 98: Hydraulic presses pumps suspended i
Page 99 and 100: Hydraulic presses pressure in the p
Page 101 and 102: Hydraulic presses F 4 I P (F ) max
Page 103 and 104: Hydraulic presses are two variation
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Page 107 and 108: Changing dies to a weight of 3 t pr
Page 109 and 110: Changing dies gearwithguidinggroove
Page 111 and 112: Changing dies are changed in solid
Page 113 and 114: Changing dies hydraulic clamping me
Page 115 and 116: Press control systems 3.5.3 Operati
Page 117 and 118: Press control systems 3.5.4 Structu
Page 119 and 120: Press control systems The communica
Page 121 and 122: Press control systems Fig. 3.5.5 PL
Page 123 and 124: Press control systems Fig. 3.5.7 Sw
Page 125 and 126: Press control systems Other approac
Page 127 and 128: Press safety and certification 3.6.
Page 129 and 130: Press safety and certification with
Page 131 and 132: Press safety and certification - st
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Page 137 and 138: Press safety and certification 3.6.
Page 139 and 140: Press safety and certification tion
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Casting components for presses Fig.
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4 Sheet metal forming and blanking
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Principles of die manufacture icall
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Principles of die manufacture becau
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Principles of die manufacture go-ah
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Principles of die manufacture produ
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Principles of die manufacture Fig.
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Principles of die manufacture a b c
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Principles of die manufacture the p
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Metal Forming Handbook / Schuler (c
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Principles of die manufacture 0.00
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Principles of die manufacture blank
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Principles of die manufacture how i
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Principles of die manufacture spott
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing me
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing In
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing ac
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing 3
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing 20
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing β
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing Ex
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing Bl
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing bl
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing Ta
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing Au
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing Ti
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing Hi
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing -
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing -
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing se
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing fo
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing pu
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Deep drawing and stretch drawing ag
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Coil lines Fig. 4.3.1 Coil line for
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Coil lines Fig. 4.3.3 Compact desig
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Sheet metal forming lines In the ca
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Sheet metal forming lines Fig. 4.4.
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Sheet metal forming lines ing of th
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Sheet metal forming lines (Fig. 4.4
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Sheet metal forming lines The two l
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Sheet metal forming lines 1,860mm a
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Sheet metal forming lines ver’s c
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Sheet metal forming lines During th
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Sheet metal forming lines 4.4.4 Des
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Sheet metal forming lines individua
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Sheet metal forming lines As early
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Sheet metal forming lines In modern
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Sheet metal forming lines 4.4.6 Tra
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Sheet metal forming lines protects
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Sheet metal forming lines Within th
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Sheet metal forming lines power req
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Sheet metal forming lines Press lay
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Sheet metal forming lines higher st
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Sheet metal forming lines Draw cush
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Sheet metal forming lines These com
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Sheet metal forming lines motion cu
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Sheet metal forming lines increase
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Sheet metal forming lines (cf. Fig.
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Sheet metal forming lines larly str
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Sheet metal forming lines ing parts
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Sheet metal forming lines - efficie
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Sheet metal forming lines - Automat
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Sheet metal forming lines Local ope
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Sheet metal forming lines modules a
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Sheet metal forming lines Table 4.4
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Sheet metal forming lines sion foll
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Blanking processes to complete brea
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Blanking processes Fig. 4.5.5 Top-t
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Blanking processes 56.8% 65.0% 67.4
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Blanking processes a configuration
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Blanking processes flat punch U bev
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Blanking processes Using these equa
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Blanking processes x S = 66. 6 (s a
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Blanking processes 0.18 10 10.36 27
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.1 Slitting
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Shearing lines The blanking process
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Shearing lines Blanking presses for
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Shearing lines 4.6.3 High-speed bla
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Shearing lines mass counterbalance
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.9 Influence
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.11 Rotor an
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.13 Complete
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.15 Complete
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.17 Flexible
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Shearing lines which run, backlash-
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Shearing lines that up to 150 strok
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.21 Automati
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.24 Passenge
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Shearing lines F F resistance weldi
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Shearing lines In contrast to conve
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Shearing lines The stripper plate i
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.32 Examples
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Shearing lines - provision of all i
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.35 Machine
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Shearing lines Fig. 4.6.37 Failure
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Shearing lines Structure of the ele
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Shearing lines interference, or whe
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Fine blanking - smaller dimensional
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Fine blanking f i blanking force F
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Fine blanking blanking force F s I
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Fine blanking plate of the die, whi
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Fine blanking case hardening nitrit
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Fine blanking not been soft anneale
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Fine blanking it is also possible t
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Fine blanking Example: We wish to p
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Fine blanking s h S1 tearing E frac
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Fine blanking punches, as well as t
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Fine blanking subsequently quenched
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Fine blanking Fig. 4.7.22 Two-stati
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Fine blanking Blanking plate 2 is l
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Fine blanking 1 2 5 6 3 Fig. 4.7.25
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Fine blanking blankingpunch 1 2 inn
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Fine blanking vee-ring piston diehe
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Fine blanking measuring the pressur
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Fine blanking pallets reach the sta
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Bending Table 4.8.1 gives the small
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Bending Accordingly, the necessary
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Bending Example: You wish to bend a
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Bending F F b or b 2 b ⋅s ⋅R =
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Bending Fig. 4.8.7 Roll forming: ro
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Bending Fig. 4.8.13 Hat sections Fi
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Bending Table 4.8.3: Material coeff
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Bending The roll stand for profile
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Bending frame Fig. 4.8.23 Work shaf
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Bending Fig. 4.8.25 Roller straight
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Bending W W t t W Wma s Fig. 4.8.28
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4 Sheet metal forming and blanking
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Organization of stamping plants Whe
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Organization of stamping plants Tab
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Organization of stamping plants lic
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Organization of stamping plants bat
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Organization of stamping plants Tab
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Organization of stamping plants ele
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Organization of stamping plants une
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5 Hydroforming 5.1 General One of t
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Process technology and example appl
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5 Hydroforming 5.3 Component develo
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Component development a component d
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Component development 100% D D 75%
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Component development Pure expansio
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Die engineering diameter and stroke
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5 Hydroforming 5.5 Materials and pr
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Materials and preforms for producin
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Presses for hydroforming Controllab
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5 Hydroforming 5.7 General consider
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General considerations inward hole
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6 Solid forming (Forging) 6.1 Gener
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General lets that can be produced t
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General Fig. 6.1.4 Examples of coin
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General Table 6.1.1: Comparison bet
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6 Solid forming (Forging) 6.2 Benef
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Benefits of solid forming 6.2.2 Wor
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Benefits of solid forming range”
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Benefits of solid forming sions fro
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Benefits of solid forming Where no
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Materials, billet production and su
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Formed part and process plan requir
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Formed part and process plan 6.4.2
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6 Solid forming (Forging) 6.5 Force
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Force and work requirement d 0 d 2
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Force and work requirement For die
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Force and work requirement The mini
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Force and work requirement dies) (c
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Part transfer There is a broad rang
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Part transfer For cold forming proc
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6 Solid forming (Forging) 6.7 Die d
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Die design wedge adjustment auxilia
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Die design Table 6.7.1: Modular sys
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Die design Fig. 6.7.5 Shearing die
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Die design for radial stress � r
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Die design The off-center applied f
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Die design Table 6.7.4: Heat treatm
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Die design Powder metal-manufacture
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Die design ledeburitic 12 % chromiu
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Die design system integrated into b
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6 Solid forming (Forging) 6.8 Press
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Presses used for solid forming mult
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Presses used for solid forming slid
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Presses used for solid forming Fig.
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Presses used for solid forming duct
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Presses used for solid forming 6.8.
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Presses used for solid forming tati
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Presses used for solid forming adeq
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Presses used for solid forming Embo
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Presses used for solid forming ment
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Presses used for solid forming feed
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Presses used for solid forming hopp
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Presses used for solid forming coin
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Presses used for solid forming Univ
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Presses used for solid forming Meda
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Presses used for solid forming CNC-
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Presses used for solid forming forc
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Index A.S.T.M.-standard 451 abrasio
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Index cylinder -, counterpressure 4
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Index flying shear 288 flywheel 51-
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Index modified top drive 205-207 mo
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Index sand blasting 460 sandwich co
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Index washing/cleaning machine 219
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3 Fundamentals of press design

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