3 Fundamentals of press design

Methods of forming and cutting technology
forming under compressive
conditions DIN 8583
rolling
open die forming
closed die forming
coining
forming by forcing through
an orifice
forming under compressive
and tensile
conditions DIN 8584
stripping
deep drawing
flanging
spinning
forming
forming under
tensile conditions
DIN 8585
wrinkle bulging
forming by bending
DIN 8586
forming under shearing
conditions DIN 8587
Fig. 2.1.3 Classification of production processes used in forming in accordance with DIN 8582
The DIN standard differentiates between 17 distinct forming processes
according to the relative movement between die and workpiece, die
geometry and workpiece geometry (Fig.2.1.3).
Forming under compressive conditions
Cast slabs, rods and billets are further processed to semi-finished products
by rolling. In order to keep the required rolling forces to a minimum,
forming is performed initially at hot forming temperature. At
these temperatures, the material has a malleable, paste-like and easily
formable consistency which permits a high degree of deformation
without permanent work hardening of the material. Hot forming can
be used to produce flat material of the type required for the production
of sheet or plate, but also for the production of pipe, wire or profiles. If
the thickness of rolled material is below a certain minimum value, and
where particularly stringent demands are imposed on dimensional accuracy
and surface quality, processing is performed at room temperature
by cold rolling. In addition to rolling semi-finished products, such
as sheet and plate, gears and threads on discrete parts are also rolled
under compressive stress conditions.
Open die forming is the term used for compressive forming using tools
which move towards each other and which conform either not at all or
only partially to the shape of the workpiece. The shape of the workpiece
is created by the execution of a free or defined relative movement
Metal Forming Handbook / Schuler (c) Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998
extending by stretching
expanding
stretch forming
bending with linear
die movement
bending with rotary
die movement
displacement
twisting
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