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Grassmann Algebra

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TheExteriorProduct.nb 29<br />

��Α2 � Α3 � Α4�<br />

�a23 ��a32 a41 � a31 a42� �<br />

a22 �a33 a41 � a31 a43� � a21 ��a33 a42 � a32 a43�� e1 � e2 � e3 �<br />

�a24 ��a32 a41 � a31 a42� � a22 �a34 a41 � a31 a44� �<br />

a21 ��a34 a42 � a32 a44�� e1 � e2 � e4 �<br />

�a24 ��a33 a41 � a31 a43� � a23 �a34 a41 � a31 a44� �<br />

a21 ��a34 a43 � a33 a44�� e1 � e3 � e4 �<br />

�a24 ��a33 a42 � a32 a43� � a23 �a34 a42 � a32 a44� �<br />

a22 ��a34 a43 � a33 a44�� e2 � e3 � e4<br />

By inspection of the basis elements in this result we see that both e1 � e2 � e3 and<br />

e1 � e3 � e4 require a change of sign to bring them into the required cobasis form.<br />

e1 � e2 � e3 ��e4 �����<br />

e1 � e2 � e4 � e3 �����<br />

e1 � e3 � e4 ��e2 �����<br />

e2 � e3 � e4 � e1 �����<br />

Reflecting this change of sign in the coefficients, the corresponding cofactors become:<br />

a11 ������ � �a24 ��a33 a42 � a32 a43� �<br />

a23 �a34 a42 � a32 a44� � a22 ��a34 a43 � a33 a44��;<br />

a12 ������ ���a24 ��a33 a41 � a31 a43� �<br />

a23 �a34 a41 � a31 a44� � a21 ��a34 a43 � a33 a44��;<br />

a13 ������ � �a24 ��a32 a41 � a31 a42� �<br />

a22 �a34 a41 � a31 a44� � a21 ��a34 a42 � a32 a44��;<br />

a14 ������ ���a23 ��a32 a41 � a31 a42� �<br />

a22 �a33 a41 � a31 a43� � a21 ��a33 a42 � a32 a43��;<br />

We can then calculate the determinant from:<br />

D1 � a11�a11 ������ � a12�a12 ������ � a13�a13 ������ � a14�a14 ������<br />

a14 ��a23 ��a32 a41 � a31 a42� �<br />

a22 �a33 a41 � a31 a43� � a21 ��a33 a42 � a32 a43�� �<br />

a13 �a24 ��a32 a41 � a31 a42� � a22 �a34 a41 � a31 a44� �<br />

a21 ��a34 a42 � a32 a44�� �<br />

a12 ��a24 ��a33 a41 � a31 a43� � a23 �a34 a41 � a31 a44� �<br />

a21 ��a34 a43 � a33 a44�� �<br />

a11 �a24 ��a33 a42 � a32 a43� � a23 �a34 a42 � a32 a44� �<br />

a22 ��a34 a43 � a33 a44��<br />

Case 2: Calculation by expansion about the first two rows<br />

Expand the product of the first and second rows.<br />

2001 4 5

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