Estratègies per al desenvolupament sostenible - Generalitat de ...

Polluter pays – those who generate pollution and waste should bear thecosts of avoidance, containment and/or abatement.User pays – the users of goods and services should pay prices based onthe full life cycle of costs, including the “externalities” connected with useof non-marketed natural resources and assets and the ultimate disposalof wastes.Inter-generational equity – the present generation should maintain orenhance capital and keep development options open for future generationsIntra-generational equity – the lessening of inequality in the currentgeneration as a primary goal of development. However, this is ofteninterpreted differently – usually as elimination or alleviation of poverty butalso as equal shares for all (as in calls by many developing nations forequal ‘eco-space’ rights in carbon emissions).Free, prior and informed consent of groups to changes such as developmentplans. This has been given legal standing in the Draft Declaration on theRights of Indigenous Peoples and in Conventions 107 and 169 of theInternational Labour Organization (ILO).Strategy decisions should reflect risk and uncertainty. Decision-makers need to beable to cope with the long-term horizon of sustainable development, with unknownsin stakeholder reactions to decisions, with unknowns in science and with unforeseenchanges in social and market systems. Different political systems, livelihood systemsand businesses have their own ways of dealing with uncertainty and will exhibitdifferent attitudes to risk. Many of them will have developed useful sources of resilience.These provisions need to be identified, discussed and assessed in relation to thefrequently increasing levels of uncertainty.A strategy with a broad base of support requires consensus among all participants.Consensus needs to be built concerning the strategy’s objectives, principles, issues,vision, priorities, policies and actions. Consensus can be a particularly valuable basisof agreement for strategies, because no participant can be outvoted. All participantsare therefore obliged to do their best to accommodate each other’s interests, to168