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entropia di entanglement in teorie invarianti conformi bidimensionali

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In<strong>di</strong>ce<br />

Sommario v<br />

1 Introduzione alle <strong>teorie</strong> <strong>di</strong> campo <strong>in</strong>varianti <strong>conformi</strong> 1<br />

1.1 Invarianza conforme al punto critico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1<br />

1.2 Invarianza conforme <strong>in</strong> due <strong>di</strong>mensioni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />

1.2.1 Campi primari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5<br />

1.2.2 Identità <strong>di</strong> Ward conforme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7<br />

1.2.3 OPE del tensore energia impulso e carica centrale . . . . . . 10<br />

1.2.4 Quantizzazione ra<strong>di</strong>ale, algebra <strong>di</strong> Virasoro . . . . . . . . . . 11<br />

1.2.5 Cenni alla teoria delle rappresentazioni dell’ algebra <strong>di</strong> Virasoro 14<br />

1.2.6 Applicazioni fisiche . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17<br />

1.3 Invarianza modulare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18<br />

2 Teorie <strong>conformi</strong> con bordo (BCFT) 23<br />

2.1 Stati <strong>di</strong> Cardy ed identità <strong>di</strong> Verl<strong>in</strong>de . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23<br />

2.2 Entropia <strong>di</strong> Affleck e Ludwig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32<br />

3 Entanglement <strong>in</strong> meccanica quantistica 34<br />

3.1 Matrice densità ed <strong>entropia</strong> <strong>di</strong> Von Neumann . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34<br />

3.2 Entanglement <strong>di</strong> sistemi bipartiti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36<br />

3.3 Entropia <strong>di</strong> <strong>entanglement</strong> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40<br />

3.4 Entropia delle miscele . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41<br />

4 Entropia <strong>di</strong> <strong>entanglement</strong> <strong>in</strong> teoria dei campi bi<strong>di</strong>mensionale 45<br />

4.1 Introduzione . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45<br />

4.2 Funzione <strong>di</strong> partizione e metodo delle repliche . . . . . . . . . . . . 47<br />

4.3 Entropia <strong>di</strong> <strong>entanglement</strong> al punto critico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50<br />

4.4 Commenti sulla forma generale dell’ <strong>entropia</strong> <strong>di</strong> <strong>entanglement</strong> <strong>in</strong> QFT 52<br />

4.5 Entropia <strong>in</strong> CFT per altre geometrie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54<br />

4.6 Entropia <strong>di</strong> <strong>entanglement</strong> fuori dal punto critico . . . . . . . . . . . 56<br />

4.7 Espressione dell’ <strong>entropia</strong> <strong>di</strong> <strong>entanglement</strong> me<strong>di</strong>ante campi <strong>di</strong> twist 59<br />

5 Entropia <strong>di</strong> fermioni liberi a temperatura e taglia f<strong>in</strong>ita 63<br />

5.1 Introduzione . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63<br />

5.2 Motivazioni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64<br />

5.3 Settori <strong>di</strong> sp<strong>in</strong> e funzione <strong>di</strong> partizione . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65<br />

5.4 Entropia <strong>di</strong> <strong>entanglement</strong> del fermione <strong>di</strong> Dirac . . . . . . . . . . . 70<br />

iii

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