The Latin Neuter Plurals in Romance - Page ON

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156 saburra ‘fur on the tongue’.) From STABULA ‘stables’, ‘stalls’ come Rum. pl. stauluri/staur-, Fr. étable, Prov., Cat. estable, OSard. pl. centu istabla. From CINGULA ‘girths’, ‘belts’ (also fem. sing. in late Latin) we have Rum. chingă (by metathesis, cf. Meglen. cl’ingă) and cingă (by attraction to the verb cinge ?), It. cinghia and popular cigna, Neap. chienga/chienca (cf. Surs. tschinclar ‘surround’ beside tschengel ‘grass bank’), Val Gard. adj. cendl, cendla ‘banded with stripes’, Fr. cengle > sangle, Prov. singla/sengla, Cat., Arag. cingla, Sp. (Vizc.) cella ‘iron hoop round a wheel’, Ptg. cilha (old cinlha), Sard. (Cent.) kingra, kringa, NLog. kindža, Camp. tšingra. (Cf. also, from the singular, It. cinghio (as cinghia), Veron. sengio ‘mountain-girt meadow’, Cat. cingle ‘abyss’, Sp. ceño and cello (old cenllo), Ptg. cenho for a kind of ‘hoof disease’; the Franco-Provençal dialects also have many feminine forms showing the same development of palatalized n and l (preceded by a nasal vowel) from -NGL-.) From the associated *CINCTULA come It. cintola, Log. kintula and Sp. cincha (from which Cat. cinxa), Ptg. cincha (the DCELC supposes cincha < CINGULA, via *cinlla, as Ptg. funcho from *funlho, but I can find no evidence for the latter but rather fiolho < *FENUCULU and f(i)uncho < *FENUNCULU). CAPULA ‘halters’, ‘hilts’, ‘handles’, late *CAPPULA, has become OIt. cappia ‘horseshoe’, Sp. cacha ‘razor handle’ (in S. America ‘knife handle’), Gal. cacha (Gar.). CAPITULUM is mostly only preserved as a learned word, but popular reflexes of CAPITULA ‘little heads’ are seen in Occ. cabelho ‘ear of maize’, ‘top of a tree’, and Upper Arag. (Sallent) capilla ‘ear of corn’. c) A number of the plurals end in -IA or -EA. Thus RETIA ‘nets’ can be seen in Neap. rezza, Calab., Sic. rizza, Sard. retta, rettha, (ar)rettsa ‘net’ (the same palatalized root appears in Fr. réseau, Prov. reza(i)lh, Cat. r(ez)all, Sard. rettola; Rum. reŃea is generally stated to have come from *RETELLA, but *RETIELLA seems to me more likely, as the gender reflects the -A of RETIA). 156
157 157 From LINTEA ‘linen cloths’ we have It. lenza ‘linen bandage’, ‘fishing-line’, Occ. lenço, Cat. llença ‘fishing-line’, Sp. lienza ‘strip of cloth’, OLog. lintha, linza ‘strip of land’. According to Wartburg (though this is not generally accepted), Fr. souille ‘wallowing place’, Prov. sueilha ‘cesspool’ come from SOLIA ‘tubs’ (cf. It. soglio ‘liquid measure’; SOLIUM also meant ‘seat’, hence It. soglio ‘throne’). A similar OIt. suola ‘lands’ (Monaci, No. 113) comes from SOLA ‘pieces of ground’. The various forms apparently corresponding to SPOLIA ‘spoils’ (fem. sing. in late Latin), such as It., Eng. spoglia, OFr. espoille, Prov. espolha, OSp. espoja, are rather to be regarded as deverbals. From late DOLIA ‘pains’ we have It. doglia ‘pain’, and Meyer-Lübke also quotes cordoglie as a plural of cordoglio ‘anguish’. TESTIMONIA ‘testimonies’ (fem. sing, in late Latin) gives Ptg. testemunha (there is also testemunho from the singular). From *SAGIA, the adjectival form of SAGA ‘military cloaks’ (glossed as “una tela in cortinis” in the Gl. Reich.), we have It. saia ‘twill’ (cf. saio ‘gown’), Fr. saie ‘sagum’, Occ. saio ‘smock’, Cat. saia ‘serge’, Sp. saya, Ptg. saia ‘skirt’, ‘(ancient) gown’ (and cf. Sp. sayo ‘smock’; García de Diego also gives Gal. sa < SAGA). From BISACCIA ‘saddlebags’ come It. bisaccia ‘saddlebag’, ‘beggar’s wallet’, Surs. bissacca, UEng. busacha (× SACCU) ‘palliasse’, Fr. besace ‘wallet’, Prov. beassa (now biasso, besaço etc.) ‘saddlebag’, Cat. pl. beaces (OCat. beassa, besaces) ‘saddlebags’, Sp. bizaza (and old biaza, badaza) ‘saddlebag’ (in the Gl. Reich., the sing. “bisatia” is used to gloss SARCINA ‘bundle’). From PRAEMIA ‘rewards’ (a late Latin fem. sing.) come Surs. premia, Eng. premgia ‘reward’ (the Fr. prime, and from it Cat., Sp. prima ‘premium’, are adaptations of the Engl. premium). Italian has uggia ‘gloom’, ‘annoyance’ from ODIA ‘hates’, seccia ‘stubble’ from (FENl)SICCIA ‘mown hay’, and gregna ‘stook’ from GREMIA ‘faggots’. From late Latin FIMBRIA ‘fibres’, metathesized to *FRIMBIA, come Rum. frânghie, frâmbie ‘cord’, ONIt. franbe ‘tufts’, Fr. frenge > frange ‘fringe’ (whence It. frangia, Occ. franjo, Cat., Sp., Ptg. franja), Prov. fremnha, fremja ‘ditto’, while
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1 1 The Latin Neuter Plurals in Rom
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individually. 3 3 Such treatments a
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5 5 stages of the language. (Incide
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7 7 preserved in Italian, such as t
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9 9 ‘well’, CAPILLUM ‘hair’
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etween the 2nd and 4th declensions)
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13 13 changing their declension in
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15 15 Another popular development w
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une formation hybride à cheval sur
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19 19 with acc. pl. LUSTROS, in ins
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21 21 OSSUUM/OSSUORUM/OSSORUM/OSSAR
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23 23 inscription (Bourciez, §218c
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25 25 PRAESTIGIUM, INFAMIUM, BLASPH
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27 27 Ling. Lat., but Nyrop quotes
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29 29 singular in early times), SPI
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31 31 substantia consumitur” (Ita
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33 33 plural (evidence of the early
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35 35 in Chir.) as ‘leaves’? Th
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37 37 loanwords and verbal nouns; i
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39 39 singulars are felt to be the
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41 41 language, producing a situati
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43 43 c) Passing now to French, we
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45 45 separated from braç, as are
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47 47 a modern formation). Old Ital
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49 49 ‘powder horns’, ‘corner
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51 51 also represent Latin -NIA (cf
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53 53 ‘heels’ gives the Rumania
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55 55 böila, Eng. böglia, Surs. b
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57 57 de Dial. Esp., p. 346). But b
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59 59 j) Traces of other old neuter
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61 61 uova, with dial. ove or ovi f
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63 63 ‘kneading-trough’, in the
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65 65 8. Numerals and pronominal ad
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67 67 mil and modern mille (masc.).
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69 69 OFr. nu(l)s, nule, Prov. nuls
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71 71 find the meaning ‘leaf’,
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73 73 in the areas which use -i for
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75 75 c) Let us now look at the sit
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77 77 turn to the dialects to find
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79 79 matching these also ulivo/uli
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81 81 corme), corne (OFr. cornelle)
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83 83 beside cuerno/corgno, prunell
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85 85 cerezal ‘cherry orchard’,
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87 87 ‘holm-oak’ tree, but Arag
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89 89 péšego), with another varie
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91 91 the Piedmontese form la figa
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93 93 assisted by the feminine noun
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95 95 (oak), roveto (bramble), vign
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97 97 r) The position in Catalan is
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99 99 native to the area all right,
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101 101 but the fortuitous similari
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103 103 trufa from French, Ptg. tub
Page 105 and 106: 105 105 Italian plurals in -ora and
Page 107 and 108: 107 107 account for Prov. nos (besi
Page 109 and 110: 109 109 Italian as the Latinism fri
Page 111 and 112: 111 111 Sard. pettorale. PIGNORA is
Page 113 and 114: 113 113 FUNDUS, ARCUS, COLFUS, NODU
Page 115 and 116: 115 115 from a late Greek form kól
Page 117 and 118: 117 117 like cambiora, digiunora, f
Page 119 and 120: 119 119 down by purely popular tran
Page 121 and 122: 121 121 examples I have given above
Page 123 and 124: 123 123 note that -egl- > -agl- is
Page 125 and 126: 125 125 dictionary ascribes the Ita
Page 127 and 128: 127 127 with the same meaning. This
Page 129 and 130: 129 129 ‘brotherhood’, and the
Page 131 and 132: 131 131 Vegl. fyasta (the Rum. fest
Page 133 and 134: 133 133 ‘salary’, and in these
Page 135 and 136: 135 135 legenda, Fr. (learned) lég
Page 137 and 138: 137 137 the widespread forms corres
Page 139 and 140: 139 139 morceau, Engl. bit), It. bo
Page 141 and 142: 141 141 languages the first consona
Page 143 and 144: 143 143 spread to the Iberian Penin
Page 145 and 146: 145 145 Rhaeto-Romance. From VINCUL
Page 147 and 148: 147 147 VISCUM ‘mistletoe’. Fro
Page 149 and 150: 149 149 are also forms without clas
Page 151 and 152: 151 151 also lists Rum. par as “n
Page 153 and 154: 153 153 of ACUS ‘needles’, wher
Page 155: 155 155 become a singular meaning
Page 159 and 160: 159 159 esquírola ‘ditto’. Fro
Page 161 and 162: 161 161 Rum. răza is ‘scrape’,
Page 163 and 164: 163 163 combination of meanings; in
Page 165 and 166: 165 165 has at the same time become
Page 167 and 168: 167 167 üj ‘grape’. Similarly
Page 169 and 170: 169 169 feminines; examples are It.
Page 171 and 172: 171 171 feminine noun which has nei
Page 173 and 174: 173 173 Cat. bolla ‘seal on cloth
Page 175 and 176: 175 175 Lat. VENA. Spanish seems to
Page 177 and 178: 177 177 Heidelberg, 1920; Romanisch
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