The Latin Neuter Plurals in Romance - Page ON

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96 only uses -aie (rarely -oie), thus (O)Fr. arbroi(e)/aubroi(e) (Daubray), auberoi(e) (white poplar), aulnoi(e)/aunaie (Delaunay), charmoi(e) (Carmoy) (horabeam), chastenoi (Châten-oy, -ay), chesnoi(e)/chênaie (Duquesnay), coldroi/coudraie, espinoi(e)/épinaie (Epinoy, Engl. spinney), faï, fresnoi(e)/frênaie (Fresnoy, Frasnay), jonchoi/jonchaie, ormoi(e)/ormaie (Ormoy), pinoie, prunoi(e) (Prun-oy, -ay), ronçoi (brambles), rosoy(e) (Rosay), rouvroi (Rouvr-oy, -ay) (oak), sausoi(e)/saussaie/saulcie (Sauss-oy, -ay), vernoi(e) (alder), vignoi (Vign-oy, -ay), now only arbroie, au(l)naie, charmoie, chênaie, coudraie, épinaie, frênaie, jonchaie, ormaie, prunelaie, ronceraie, rouvraie, saussaie or saulaie, and similarly boulaie (birch), buissaie (box), cannaie (there is also an old canoi listed by Godefroy under chaumoi), cerisaie, châtaigneraie, fougeraie (fern), hêtraie (beech), mûr(er)aie, noiseraie, olivaie, peupleraie (earlier peuplaie), pommeraie, roseraie, tremblaie (aspen) and so on. Provençal follows a very similar pattern, using both -ETU and -ETA, with many of the masculine forms now only used as names and the feminine ones acting as the standard forms, as can be seen from the following: aubret, aubaret/aubaredo (white poplar, willow), Aunet, Lavelanet/avelanedo, bessedo (birch), bouisset/bouissedo, Canet, Cardet (thistle), casta(g)net/ casta(g)nedo/castagnaredo, cauprenedo (hornbeam), Ceriset/cer(i)eiredo, Coudret, Espinet, Euzet/Auzet (holm-oak), Faiet/Faget/fagedo (Gasc. hayedo), Fenouiet/fenouiedo (fennel), Figueiret/figueiredo, Freyssenet/freissenedo, Grevoulet/grifouledo (holly), Lauret/lauredo, Mouret/Mouredo/amourie(i)redo, Nozedes/Nougaret/nougaredo, Oumet/oumedo (Gasc. aumeda), Oulivet/ ouliv(eir)edo, pibouledo (black poplar), Pinet/pinedo, Poumet/Poumaret/ poumaredo, Rouret/rouredo, rouvet (Rouvet)/rouvedo (brambles), sambuguedo (elder), Sauset/sausedo, Vernet/vernedo; a different formation is seen in cassenado/cassagnado, where French has chênaie. In Gascon too one finds similar forms preserved as names, so Castah(i)ed, Averaed (Bec, p. 1/521, Bour., §270d). 96
97 97 r) The position in Catalan is exactly the same as in modern French, with the -ETU forms only turning up in placenames, apart from one dialectal form. So we have arb(o)reda/albreda, albereda (alba-), Alzinet/Valen. aulet/alzineda/auleda (holm-oak), Avellanet/avellaneda, boixeda (and Boixedera), Canet, Caraixet (holm-oak), Cardet, Casanet (as Fr. chênaie), Castanyet/castanyeda, Cercet/Cerqueda/Cerceneda (cf. Moz. cherco ‘oak’), Espinet, Espinalbet, Faget/Fayet/fageda, Fonollet (Fe-)/fonolleda (fe-), Freixenet/freix(en)eda, Grevoleda, Lloret/lloreda(r), Maçaneda, Moret/Muret/Mureda, No(u)et/Noguet/No(s)edes/noguereda (Nogareda), Olivet/oliv(ar)eda, Omet/o(l)meda (Omeda, Almeda), pineda (Pi-), pollancreda/poll(er)eda (black poplar), pomereda (Po-), Rouret/roureda, Salcet/Saulet/salz(er)eda/sauleda (Sau-), saüqueda (elder), Vernet/verneda, and possibly also Asnet/Ainet, if this is from ACINETU (cf. ACINUM, §2c), and Ceret, Lillet, if these can be equated with It. cerreto and giglieto. s) Spanish similarly uses both forms, with -edo appearing notably in place names, but neither can be said to be a living suffix, this function being performed by -al (-ar), sometimes found added to -ed-. The forms I have turned up are arbol-edo/-eda, acebedo (holly), alameda (poplar), aliseda (alder, seemingly corresponding in form to OFr. alisoi (wild sorb, whitebeam); Meyer-Lübke, Schicks., also quotes alnedo, matching OSp. alno), arcedo (maple), avellan-edo/-eda (Av-), boj-edo/-eda (box; M.-L., Schicks.,), cañedo (Ca-), Figueredo (Diez), fresneda, hayedo, hinojedo (M.-L., Gram..), mazanedas (Berceo, Mil., 4b), moreda/Moraleda, nocedo (REW)/noceda, olivedo (F.J.), olm-edo/-eda, per(al)eda, pinedo (in S. America; also Pinedo)/pineda, piorneda (broom), pobeda (white poplar), pruneda (M.-L., Gram.), robl-edo/-eda, salc-edo (Sal-)/-eda/sauceda, viñedo; forms with added
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1 1 The Latin Neuter Plurals in Rom
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individually. 3 3 Such treatments a
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5 5 stages of the language. (Incide
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7 7 preserved in Italian, such as t
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9 9 ‘well’, CAPILLUM ‘hair’
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etween the 2nd and 4th declensions)
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13 13 changing their declension in
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15 15 Another popular development w
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une formation hybride à cheval sur
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19 19 with acc. pl. LUSTROS, in ins
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21 21 OSSUUM/OSSUORUM/OSSORUM/OSSAR
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23 23 inscription (Bourciez, §218c
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25 25 PRAESTIGIUM, INFAMIUM, BLASPH
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27 27 Ling. Lat., but Nyrop quotes
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29 29 singular in early times), SPI
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31 31 substantia consumitur” (Ita
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33 33 plural (evidence of the early
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35 35 in Chir.) as ‘leaves’? Th
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37 37 loanwords and verbal nouns; i
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39 39 singulars are felt to be the
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41 41 language, producing a situati
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43 43 c) Passing now to French, we
Page 45 and 46: 45 45 separated from braç, as are
Page 47 and 48: 47 47 a modern formation). Old Ital
Page 49 and 50: 49 49 ‘powder horns’, ‘corner
Page 51 and 52: 51 51 also represent Latin -NIA (cf
Page 53 and 54: 53 53 ‘heels’ gives the Rumania
Page 55 and 56: 55 55 böila, Eng. böglia, Surs. b
Page 57 and 58: 57 57 de Dial. Esp., p. 346). But b
Page 59 and 60: 59 59 j) Traces of other old neuter
Page 61 and 62: 61 61 uova, with dial. ove or ovi f
Page 63 and 64: 63 63 ‘kneading-trough’, in the
Page 65 and 66: 65 65 8. Numerals and pronominal ad
Page 67 and 68: 67 67 mil and modern mille (masc.).
Page 69 and 70: 69 69 OFr. nu(l)s, nule, Prov. nuls
Page 71 and 72: 71 71 find the meaning ‘leaf’,
Page 73 and 74: 73 73 in the areas which use -i for
Page 75 and 76: 75 75 c) Let us now look at the sit
Page 77 and 78: 77 77 turn to the dialects to find
Page 79 and 80: 79 79 matching these also ulivo/uli
Page 81 and 82: 81 81 corme), corne (OFr. cornelle)
Page 83 and 84: 83 83 beside cuerno/corgno, prunell
Page 85 and 86: 85 85 cerezal ‘cherry orchard’,
Page 87 and 88: 87 87 ‘holm-oak’ tree, but Arag
Page 89 and 90: 89 89 péšego), with another varie
Page 91 and 92: 91 91 the Piedmontese form la figa
Page 93 and 94: 93 93 assisted by the feminine noun
Page 95: 95 95 (oak), roveto (bramble), vign
Page 99 and 100: 99 99 native to the area all right,
Page 101 and 102: 101 101 but the fortuitous similari
Page 103 and 104: 103 103 trufa from French, Ptg. tub
Page 105 and 106: 105 105 Italian plurals in -ora and
Page 107 and 108: 107 107 account for Prov. nos (besi
Page 109 and 110: 109 109 Italian as the Latinism fri
Page 111 and 112: 111 111 Sard. pettorale. PIGNORA is
Page 113 and 114: 113 113 FUNDUS, ARCUS, COLFUS, NODU
Page 115 and 116: 115 115 from a late Greek form kól
Page 117 and 118: 117 117 like cambiora, digiunora, f
Page 119 and 120: 119 119 down by purely popular tran
Page 121 and 122: 121 121 examples I have given above
Page 123 and 124: 123 123 note that -egl- > -agl- is
Page 125 and 126: 125 125 dictionary ascribes the Ita
Page 127 and 128: 127 127 with the same meaning. This
Page 129 and 130: 129 129 ‘brotherhood’, and the
Page 131 and 132: 131 131 Vegl. fyasta (the Rum. fest
Page 133 and 134: 133 133 ‘salary’, and in these
Page 135 and 136: 135 135 legenda, Fr. (learned) lég
Page 137 and 138: 137 137 the widespread forms corres
Page 139 and 140: 139 139 morceau, Engl. bit), It. bo
Page 141 and 142: 141 141 languages the first consona
Page 143 and 144: 143 143 spread to the Iberian Penin
Page 145 and 146: 145 145 Rhaeto-Romance. From VINCUL
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147 147 VISCUM ‘mistletoe’. Fro
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149 149 are also forms without clas
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151 151 also lists Rum. par as “n
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153 153 of ACUS ‘needles’, wher
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155 155 become a singular meaning
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157 157 From LINTEA ‘linen cloths
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159 159 esquírola ‘ditto’. Fro
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161 161 Rum. răza is ‘scrape’,
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163 163 combination of meanings; in
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165 165 has at the same time become
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167 167 üj ‘grape’. Similarly
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169 169 feminines; examples are It.
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171 171 feminine noun which has nei
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173 173 Cat. bolla ‘seal on cloth
Page 175 and 176:
175 175 Lat. VENA. Spanish seems to
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177 177 Heidelberg, 1920; Romanisch
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