The genus Cinnamomum

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Table 15.13 Percentage composition of the leaf and stem bark oils of C. sulphuratum Compound Leaf Stembark Hexanal t (E)-2-hexenal t (Z)-3-hexenol 0.2 (E)-2-hexenol 0.1 3-Methyl-1-pentanol 0.2 Xylene* 0.1 Styrene 0.2 Benzaldehyde 0.1 -Pinene 1.2 0.3 Camphene 0.4 0.1 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one 1.4 -Pinene 2.4 0.2 Myrcene 1.1 p-Cymene 0.2 0.2 1,8-Cineole 0.2 1.6 -Phellandrene 0.5 Limonene 1.7 0.3 cis-Sabinene hydrate t trans-Linalool oxide (furanoid) 0.1 cis-Linalool oxide (furanoid) 0.1 Terpinolene t Linalool 3.0 0.2 Perillene 0.2 -Fenchol t 0.3 cis-p-Menth-2-en-1-ol 0.1 3-Phenylpropanal 0.3 Citronellal 0.2 Borneol 0.3 1.9 Terpinen-4-ol 0.7 1.3 Myrtenal t -Terpineol 0.6 1.7 (Z)-cinnamaldehyde 0.8 Nerol 0.1 Neral 17.6 Piperitone 0.2 (E)-cinnamaldehyde 65.6 Geraniol 23.2 Geranial 27.8 0.4 Bornyl acetate 2.0 0.7 Geranyl formate 0.4 Eugenol 0.1 -Elemene 0.4 Neryl acetate 0.1 Geranyl acetate 6.3 -Copaene 1.5 (E)-cinnamyl acetate 5.4 -Caryophyllene 0.3 1.3 trans--Bergamotene 0.7 -Humulene t t ar-Curcumene 1.3 -Muurolene 0.5 -Bisabolene 1.5 -Cadinene 0.3
Table 15.13 (Continued) Compound Leaf Stembark (E)-nerolidol 0.7 Spathulenol 0.7 Caryophyllene oxide 0.6 1.0 Tetradecanal 4.6 Benzyl benzoate t trans-Phytol 0.2 Other compounds 3.8 5.6 Source: Baruah et al., 1999b. Notes * correct isomeric form not identified; t trace (0.1%). Table 15.14 Chemical composition (%) of a linalool-chemotype of C. sulphuratum Component % Benzaldehyde 1.40 -Pinene 10.50 Camphene 0.36 -Pinene 10.42 Myrcene 0.08 -Phellandrene 0.40 Limonene 3.21 Linalool 60.73 Benzyl acetate 0.11 -Terpineol 0.24 Geraniol 0.24 Linalylacetate 0.30 (E)-cinnamaldehyde 0.24 Eugenol 0.85 (E)-methyl cinnamate t Source: Nath et al., 1999. Note t: trace. Table 15.15 Composition of C. tenuipilis leaf essential oil Compound % Linalool 97.51 3-Hexen-1-ol 0.02 Ocimene 0.02 Geraniol 0.09 -Copacene 0.04 C 13H 24 (ui) 0.05 -Humulene 0.02 C 15H 24 (ui) 0.05 -Cadinene 0.03 (z)-Farnesene 0.21 Diphenylamine 0.49 Farnesol 1.39 Source: Xue-Jian and Bi-qiang, 1987. Note ui: unidentified.
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Cinnamon and Cassia The genus Cinna
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Cinnamon and Cassia The genus Cinna
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This volume is dedicated to Prof. (
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viii Contents 10 Pests and diseases
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x Contributors Subhan C. Nath Regio
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xii Preface to the series compounds
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xiv Preface When we approached the
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1 Introduction P.N. Ravindran and K
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French Casse, Canefice, Canelle de
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Introduction 5 were accomplished sa
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Introduction 7 It seems quite proba
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Introduction 9 rose to 450,000 kg.
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Introduction 11 Sri Lanka has been
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Introduction 13 ISO (1977) Oil of c
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Botany and Crop Improvement of Cinn
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(a) (c) Botany and Crop Improvement
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Indian cassia leaves (known as ‘T
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1 2 Botany and Crop Improvement of
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Table 2.4 Stomatal characteristics
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1 3 4 Collenchyma Stone cell Phloem
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Table 2.6 Microscopic characteristi
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(k) Medullary 2 cells wide, radiall
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1 7 1a 7 Wood anatomy 4 6 2 2a Bota
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(a) (b) Morning Botany and Crop I
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1 2 3 4 6 8 9 Botany and Crop Impro
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viability is completely lost (Kanna
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Other tissue culture studies Botany
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Table 2.11 Bark and leaf oil consti
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Table 2.13 Growth and yield paramet
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Little crop improvement work has go
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Chemistry of Cinnamon and Cassia 81
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Table 3.4 Volatile constituents ide
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HO Chemistry of Cinnamon and Cassia
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-Humulene 1.30 0.57 0.12 1.40 -Cube
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1 3 2 4 4 5 7 6 8 10 9 12 11 13 14
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1147 Isoborneol 0.36 0.55 1158 Born
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opportunities lies in the new centu
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R OH 4 HO O O O OH Chemistry of Cin
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p-Cymene 13 21.35 0.82 -Copaene 0.4
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(E)-cinnamyl acetate 0.1 0.2-2.2 -3
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Annex 3.3 The chemical structure of
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4 Cultivation and Management of Cin
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Figure 4.2 Field plantation of cinn
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the age of three to four months exc
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Cultivation and Management of Cinna
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Cultivation and Management of Cinna
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HARVESTED CINNAMON Cutting Extracti
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(a) (b) Figure 5.3 (a) Cinnamon pee
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Chips Harvesting, Processing, and Q
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cassia oils, is obtained from disti
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KETTLE FURNACE Harvesting, Processi
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the oleoresin is stored in suitable
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Grades The Cinnamon bark shall have
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Quality of Reagents Unless specifie
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Cinnamon powder Harvesting, Process
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Table 5A.5 Chemical requirements Ha
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Harvesting, Processing, and Quality
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Special protection information Resp
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Ash Refer to Annex 5.3. Acid insolu
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Chinese Cassia 157 Figure 6.1 Cinna
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Figure 6.2 A 15-year old plantation
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Chinese Cassia 161 careful harrowin
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make it easier to climb and to avoi
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Adulterations and substitutes In ea
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Chinese Cassia 167 various regions
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Table 6.4 Insect pests of cassia ci
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Chinese Cassia 171 Table 6.5 Compos
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Trace Methyl eugenol Trace Benzoic
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Table 6.9 Comparative percentages,
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Chinese Cassia 177 (3-5°C) or due
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Chinese Cassia 179 curing diseases
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Chinese Cassia 181 different parts
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Chinese Cassia 183 Kashiwada, Y., N
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7 Indonesian Cassia (Indonesian Cin
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propagation is possible through cut
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Indonesian Cassia (Indonesian Cinna
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Figure 7.3 Separation of bark by be
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the branch. The mycelium layer pene
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Table 7.4 The yield and characteris
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Conclusion In spite of the fact tha
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8 Indian Cassia Akhil Baruah and Su
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Indian Cassia 201 pollen dehiscence
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Indian Cassia 203 Ecology and distr
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Table 8.1 Physico-chemical characte
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Indian Cassia 207 Table 8.4 Composi
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References Indian Cassia 209 Anonym
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9 Camphor Tree K. Nirmal Babu, P.N.
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Sub-specific division of C. camphor
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Camphor Tree 215 succession species
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The condenser is the most bulky and
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Table 9.1 Relation between age of t
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Table 9.3 Yield of camphor and oil
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Camphor Tree 223 Yu-Sho oil: Specif
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Ketones and oxides: Camphor, piperi
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Camphor Tree 227 20 Citronellyl ace
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Table 9.12 Chemical composition (%)
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Camphor Tree 231 Table 9.14 Yield a
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Camphor Tree 233 Table 9.18 Physico
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Camphor Tree 235 To prevent bed-sor
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Camphor Tree 237 Chopra, R.N., Chop
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10 Pests and Diseases of Cinnamon a
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Family: Dermestidae Evorinea hirtel
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Pests and Diseases of Cinnamon and
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Leaf webber (Orthaga vitalis) Pests
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C. malabatrum Meliola beilschmiedia
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11 Pharmacology and Toxicology of C
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Anti-inflammatory action Pharmacolo
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Pharmacology and Toxicology of Cinn
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Table 11.1 Antibacterial effects of
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Table 11.2 Antifungal activity of c
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12 Economics and Marketing of Cinna
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Economics and Marketing of Cinnamon
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Table 12.7 US imports of whole cass
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Japan Economics and Marketing of Ci
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Page 328 and 329: 13 End Uses of Cinnamon and Cassia
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Page 348 and 349: Table 15.1 Chemical composition of
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Page 362 and 363: C. sulphuratum Nees Other Useful Sp
Page 374 and 375: location 90 physico-chemical proper
Page 376 and 377: mass spectrometric studies 97 extra
Page 378 and 379: metabolic studies 267 sedative effe
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The genus Cinnamomum

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