Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intellectual ...

Xiaomi An et al
services with little concern <strong>of</strong> initial and full-process control, and <strong>of</strong> quality assurance <strong>of</strong> information,
and failed to consider normalization <strong>of</strong> core business processes and <strong>the</strong> coordination <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>
relationships and benefits <strong>of</strong> different stakeholders. A <strong>the</strong>oretical framework to guide building a
support system for government information reuse for city travel and traffic is needed to
comprehensively address <strong>the</strong> concerns <strong>of</strong> complex management issues at <strong>the</strong> strategic level.
3.2 <strong>International</strong> experiences from relevant English literature and case studies
The following studies are based on 113 relevant papers, 98 items <strong>of</strong> relevant laws, acts regulations,
standards and guidelines collected from English literature, as well as case studies <strong>of</strong> support systems
for government information reuse <strong>of</strong> city travel and traffic data in Hong Kong and Singapore.
3.2.1 Legal frameworks for reuse <strong>of</strong> public sector information in Europe and <strong>the</strong> UK
Research shows complete planning, doing, checking and improving (PDCA) studies have been done
on mapping, building and putting into practice legal frameworks for reuse and exploitation <strong>of</strong> public
sector information in European countries. Janssen and Dumortier (2003) wrote on progress toward a
Europe framework for <strong>the</strong> reuse <strong>of</strong> public sector information(PSI), Pas (2004) studied <strong>the</strong> legal and
policy reflections <strong>of</strong> PSI, Fornefeld, et al (2008) reported on assessment <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> reuse <strong>of</strong> PSI in <strong>the</strong>
geographical, meteorological and legal information sectors in conformity with <strong>the</strong> European Directives
on <strong>the</strong> Reuse <strong>of</strong> Public Sector Information (2003).
Experience can be gained from <strong>the</strong> UK from <strong>the</strong>ir comprehensive legal support system established for
reuse <strong>of</strong> PSI. The Reuse <strong>of</strong> Public Sector Information Regulations (2005) sets out a legal framework
for <strong>the</strong> reuse <strong>of</strong> PSI under <strong>the</strong> European Directives on <strong>the</strong> Reuse <strong>of</strong> Public Sector Information (2003),
<strong>the</strong> UK Government Licensing Framework (2010) sets out best practice, standardises <strong>the</strong> licensing
principles for government information and recommends <strong>the</strong> use <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> UK Open Government Licence
for PSI. It provides a policy and legislative overview for licensing <strong>of</strong> public sector information both
within central government and in <strong>the</strong> wider public sector.
3.2.2 Access and reuse <strong>of</strong> transportation information resources in <strong>the</strong> U.S.
Problems <strong>of</strong> a lack <strong>of</strong> support systems for access to and reuse <strong>of</strong> transportation information resources
and lack <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional information services were first mentioned in Baldwin’s Access to U.S.
Transportation Information Resources (2000). Later, <strong>Conference</strong>s on Accessing Transportation
Information Resources Worldwide (2001) indicated that such phenomena were universal in <strong>the</strong>
international arena. To address <strong>the</strong> problems, Scoping Study for a National Strategic Plan for
Transportation Information Management was published in 2003, Transportation Knowledge Networks:
A Management Strategy for <strong>the</strong> 21 century in 2006, Asset Management Position Paper in 2008, Asset
Management Data Collection for Supporting Decision Processes in 2009, and DOT Open
Government Plan in 2010.
Experience taken from <strong>the</strong> U.S. relates to <strong>the</strong>ir evolution and development processes, which can be
seen as four stages. The first stage is data management, <strong>the</strong> second information management, <strong>the</strong>
third knowledge management, and <strong>the</strong> fourth asset management.
3.2.3 City travel and traffic information services in Hong Kong and Singapore
Studies <strong>of</strong> Hong Kong experiences show that a united transportation information services system is
established in Hong Kong for exchange <strong>of</strong> transportation information, sharing transportation facilities
and producing social and economical benefits. A unified information distribution system with a variety
<strong>of</strong> mechanisms <strong>of</strong> release, partnerships with companies and public for value-added services, and free
public services are key features <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir information services. Government departments play important
roles in supervision <strong>of</strong> information collection, processing, integration and delivery, as well as auditing
<strong>the</strong> value-added private enterprises information services and non-pr<strong>of</strong>it public information services.
Experience can be taken from Hong Hong regarding <strong>the</strong>ir whole life cycle control <strong>of</strong> information
products and services under one unified administrative system.
Studies <strong>of</strong> Singapore experiences show that an independent body responsible for regulating bus
services, bus service operators, ticket payment services, and bus and rapid transit system fairs was
established as <strong>the</strong> Public Transport Council (PTC) in 1987 under <strong>the</strong> Public Transportation Council
Act. PTC operates within <strong>the</strong> framework <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> PTC Act and prevailing public transportation polices.
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