You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
ojname xwendin ‘to read newspapers,’ kovar weşandin ‘to publish journals,’<br />
and hotêl çûyîn ‘to frequent hotels’ are generic compounds. A modified<br />
direct object of an infinitive is linked to the infinitive by an objective<br />
genitive construct. So, vexwarina qehweya xwe ‘to drink one’s coffee,’<br />
xwendina rojnameya xwe ya bi kurdî ‘to read one’s newspaper in Kurdish,’<br />
weşandina kovara xwe ‘to publish one’s journal,’ and çûyîna min ya<br />
hotêlê ‘my going to the hotel,’ where the objects and complements are definite,<br />
indefinite, or modified (i.e. not generic), become construct phrases.<br />
Ez dixwazim her sibeh bi vexwarina<br />
qehweya xwe re rojnameya xwe ya bi<br />
kurdî jî bixwînim.<br />
I want to read my newspaper in Kurdish<br />
every morning while drinking my coffee.<br />
Bi çûyîna min ya hotêlê dilê xwe girtin. They were offended by my going to the<br />
hotel.<br />
The infinitive is also used with the preposition ji bo to express purpose:<br />
Ji bo dîtina wan ez çûme Sûriyê. I went to Syria in order to see them.<br />
Min bihîst ku li welatên Rohelat çil sal<br />
xebat divêt ji bo çêkirina şerbikekî<br />
ferfûrî.<br />
THE VERB<br />
I have heard that in the countries of the<br />
Orient forty years of labor are needed in<br />
order to produce a porcelain vase.<br />
§ 14. The Present Tense. The present tense corresponds to the English<br />
present used for habitual action (“I work”) and to the present progressive<br />
(“I’m working”). It is formed from the present stem of the verb.<br />
The present stems of a few very common verbs are totally irregular and<br />
must be learned as a principal part of the verb (e.g. dîtin ‘to see’ > bîn-,<br />
xwestin ‘to want’ > xwaz-). With few exceptions, verbs with infinitives<br />
ending in -an, -iyan, -în, and -ûn are regular and form the present stem by<br />
dropping those endings. Verbs that end in -andin (for which type see §28<br />
below) form their present stems by changing the -andin ending to -în- (e.g.<br />
mirandin ‘to cause to die’ > mirîn-).<br />
To form the present tense, the stressed progressive/habitual modal marker<br />
dí is prefixed to the present stem, and the following suffixed personal endings<br />
are added to the stem.<br />
33
Change language