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KURMANJI KURDISH<br />

CONSONANT STEMS VOWEL STEMS<br />

-im -in -m -n<br />

-î -in -yî -n<br />

-e -in — -n<br />

Examples of conjugation are as follows. In Kurmanji, pronominal subjects<br />

are not optional and must be expressed.<br />

ÇÛN/-Ç- ‘GO’ (CONSONANT STEM) ŞUSTIN/-ŞO- ‘WASH’ (VOWEL STEM)<br />

ez díçim em díçin ez díşom em díşon<br />

tu díçî hun díçin tu díşoyî hun díşon<br />

ew díçe ew díçin ew díşo ew díşon<br />

In the negative, the modal marker di is replaced by stressed ná-.<br />

ez náçim em náçin ez náşom em náşon<br />

tu náçî hun náçin tu náşoyî hun náşon<br />

ew náçe ew náçin ew náşo ew náşon<br />

If the present stem begins with a- or ê-, the prefix di- may drop its vowel<br />

and becomes d-, as in axaftin/axiv- ‘speak’ and êşandin/êşîn- ‘to hurt,’ the<br />

present tenses of which are either daxivim or diaxivim ‘I speak’ and either<br />

dêşînim or diêşînim ‘I hurt.’<br />

There are two verbs with irregular conjugations in the present tense, hatin<br />

‘to come’ and anîn ‘to bring.’ In both these verbs the dí- modal marker<br />

has assimilated to the present stem and appears as t-. Their present conjugations,<br />

affirmative and negative, are as follows:<br />

HATIN ANÎN<br />

ez têm em tên ez tînim em tînin<br />

tu teyî hun tên tu tînî hun tînin<br />

ew tê ew tên ew tîne ew tînin<br />

ez nayêm em nayên ez naynim em naynin<br />

tu nayeyî hun nayên tu naynî hun naynin<br />

ew nayê ew nayên ew nayne ew naynin<br />

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