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Tirs herku çû bêtir bû û tamarên<br />
Şerko sist kirin.<br />
The fear kept getting more and weakening<br />
Sherko’s nerves.<br />
§ 30. Relative Clauses. Relative clauses in Kurdish are introduced by the<br />
relative pronoun ku (or the variant ko) ‘who, which, that.’ Unmodified<br />
antecedents of the relative are in the construct case (tiştê ku ‘the thing that,’<br />
sala ku ‘the year which,’ welatekî ku ‘a country that,’ tiştekî ku ‘a thing<br />
which,’ tiştên ku ‘things that,’ çîrokên ku ‘stories which’). Modified antecedents<br />
have the construct extender (zimanê me yê ku ‘our language,<br />
which,’ dayka xwe ya ku ‘his mother, who,’ tiştên din yên ku ‘other things<br />
which’). When relative clauses are embedded within the main clause, there<br />
is no distinction between restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses.<br />
Min meqaleyên ku bi zimanê kurdî<br />
hatibûne nivîsandin dîtin.<br />
Ji dengê zarokên ku li der û dor dilîstin<br />
pêştir deng tunebû.<br />
Digel ku gelek salên dirêj di ser re<br />
derbas bûne, ew alfabe û rêzimana<br />
ku ji aliyê Celadet Bedir-Xan ve hatiye<br />
danîn û di kovarên wî de hatiye bikaranîn,<br />
îro jî bersiva hewcedariya<br />
zimanê kurdî dide.<br />
Ew wî zimanê ku li ber mirinê ye jîndar<br />
dike.<br />
I saw articles that had been written in<br />
the Kurdish language.<br />
There was no sound from the children<br />
who had been playing in the vicinity<br />
before.<br />
Although many long years have passed,<br />
the alphabet and grammar that were<br />
established by Jeladet Bedir-Khan and<br />
were used in his journals satisfy the<br />
needs of the Kurdish language even<br />
today.<br />
He is revivifying this language, which is<br />
on the verge of dying.<br />
When relative clauses follow the main clause they are introduced by yê<br />
ku, ya ku, and yên ku and are nonrestrictive.<br />
Dengê segên gund Şerko dîsa hişyar<br />
kir, yê ku ji kêfxweşiyê hema hindik<br />
mabû bifire.<br />
OTHER SYNTACTICAL FEATURES<br />
Li ser milek wî jî tûrek mezin hebû, yê<br />
ku di hindirê xwe de şekir û tiştên din<br />
yên ku ji qaçaxçiyan hatibûn kirîn,<br />
dihewandin.<br />
75<br />
The sound of the village dogs once again<br />
awoke Sherko, who was almost flying<br />
from happiness.<br />
Over one of his shoulders there was a<br />
large sack, which contained sugar and<br />
other things that had been bought from<br />
smugglers.
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