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OTHER SYNTACTICAL FEATURES<br />
§ 29. Subordinate Clauses and Subordinating Conjunctions. Subordinating<br />
conjunctions in Kurdish consist generally of prepositions + ku. A short<br />
list of common subordinating conjunctions follows:<br />
berî (or beriya) ku (+ pres. subj.)<br />
before<br />
bê(î) ku (+ pres. subj.) without<br />
çaxê ku when<br />
da ku (+ pres. subj.) in order that<br />
digel ku although<br />
dema (ku) when<br />
gava (ku) when<br />
gelo whether<br />
gorî ku as<br />
hema ku as soon as (+ past or<br />
pres. subj.)<br />
herwekî ku just as<br />
heta (ku) (+ pres. subj.) in order<br />
that; (+ past) until<br />
ji ber ku because, on account of<br />
the fact that<br />
ji bo ku (+ pres. subj.) in order<br />
that<br />
jibona (ku) (+ pres. subj.) in<br />
order that<br />
ku (+ pres. subj.) in order that<br />
madem ku as long as<br />
mîna ku as though<br />
paşê ku after<br />
piştî ku after<br />
ta ku as long as<br />
weke (ku) as<br />
wexta (ku) when<br />
Conjunctions that mean ‘after’ (paşê ku, piştî ku) are followed by an indicative<br />
verb, present or past according to sense.<br />
Paşê ku min pîsîtiya wan dît, ez ji wan<br />
bi dûr ketim.<br />
Piştî ku vî merovî çend gotinên xwe<br />
peyivî, şagirt rûniştin.<br />
After I saw how bad they were, I avoided<br />
them.<br />
After this man spoke his few words, the<br />
pupils sat down.<br />
Conjunctions that mean ‘before’ are normally followed by a present subjunctive<br />
verb. The correct tense for English translation is gained from context.<br />
Berî ku ewrekî reş yê şînê bi ser vî<br />
bajarî de bigire, ji pişt çiyan rojeke<br />
bêhawe xweş bilind dibe.<br />
Before a black cloud of mourning covers<br />
this city, an extraordinarily nice day<br />
breaks from behind the mountains.<br />
72