kurmanji_complete

THE VERB
welatekî lipaşmayî a backward country
kitêbeke çapkirî a published book
Negative participles are formed by prefixing ne-, as in
kitêbên neçapkirî unpublished books
cilên neşustî unwashed clothes
benên nexuyayî unseen bonds
tiştên negotî unsaid things
§ 20. The Present Perfect Tense (Intransitive). The present perfect tense
of intransitive verbs is formed from the past stem with the following endings:
STEMS ENDING IN CONSONANTS STEMS ENDING IN VOWELS
´-ime ´-ine ´-me ´-ne
´-iye ´-ine ´-ye ´-ne
´-iye ´-ine ´-ye ´-ne
Note that the second and third persons singular are identical. Examples
from hatin ‘to come’ and çûn ‘to go’ are:
ez hatime em hatine ez çûme em çûne
tu hatiye hun hatine tu çûye hun çûne
ew hatiye ew hatine ew çûye ew çûne
The negative is formed by prefixing né-
ez nehatime em nehatine ez neçûme em neçûne
tu nehatiye hun nehatine tu neçûye hun neçûne
ew nehatiye ew nehatine ew neçûye ew neçûne
§ 20.1. The Present Perfect Tense (Transitive/Ergative). The present perfect
tense of transitive verbs is made from the agent pronouns plus the
endings given above, but the construction is ergative, as in the simple past.
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