Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

Appendix B
Status of Water Reuse Regulations and Guidelines
Table 3. Number of States with Reuse Regulations or Guidelines for Different
Types of Use
Craddock Consulting Engineers B-4
In Association with CDM & James Crook
WWReuse Tm1_Appendix B_Regulatory.doc
Type of Use
Unrestricted urban water reuse
Irrigation
Toilet flushing
Fire protection
Construction
Landscape impoundment
Street cleaning
Restricted urban water reuse
Agricultural irrigation of food
crops
Agricultural irrigation of
nonfood crops
Unrestricted recreational water
reuse
Restricted recreational water
reuse
Number of
States with
Regulations or
Guidelines
Environmental water reuse 3
Industrial water reuse
Ground water Recharge
Indirect Potable Reuse
28
28
10
9
9
11
6
Adapted from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [2004].
34
21
40
7
9
9
5
5
Description
Irrigation of areas in which public access is
not restricted, such as parks, playgrounds,
school yards, and residences.
Toilet flushing, air conditioning, fire
protection, construction, cleansing,
ornamental fountains, and aesthetic
impoundments.
Irrigation of areas in which public access can
be controlled, such as golf courses,
cemeteries, and highway medians.
Irrigation of food crops which are intended
for human consumption.
Food crop is to be processed.
Food crop is consumed uncooked.
Irrigation of fodder, fiber, and seed crops,
pasture land, commercial nurseries, and sod
farms.
An impoundment of water in which no
limitations are imposed on body-contact
water recreation activities.
An impoundment of reclaimed water in
which recreation is limited to fishing,
boating, and other non-contact recreational
activities.
Reclaimed water used to create manmade
wetlands, enhance natural wetlands, and to
sustain stream flows.
Reclaimed water used in industrial facilities
primarily for cooling system makeup water,
boiler-feed water, process water, and general
washdown and cleansing.
Using via infiltration basins, percolation
ponds or injection wells, reclaimed water is
used to recharge ground water aquifers.
The intentional discharge of highly treated
reclaimed water into surface waters or
ground water that will be used as a source of
potable water supply.