Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

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TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Components and Costs Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use Craddock Consulting Engineers 37 In Association with CDM & James Crook TM3-Component&Costs_0707 specific site conditions but generally will be of the same magnitude as concrete basins and gravity filters. The treatment costs, estimated in terms of the cost of service (annualized capital cost plus O&M cost) in $/1000 gallons, to provide water with lower solids concentrations, reduced risk of pathogens, and if lime is used, reduced hardness and salts, is approximately $1.75/1000 gallons for a 1 mgd supply. The cost per 1000 gallons drops to less than $0.50/1000 gallons for a 30 mgd supply. 5.6.3 Tertiary 2-Membrane Filtration Industries with water uses that have less stringent dissolved constituent limits can use membrane filtration to meet the regulatory requirements for reclaimed uses with potential for human contact. Tertiary 2 water could meet the quality requirements for some cooling water applications. However, as water is recycled internally several times in the process, concentrations will increase and WWTP effluent may not provide a suitable supply because of high chlorides or hardness. Another example industry would be cement production, which requires lower iron and manganese, but can use water with TDS as high as 600 mg/L. The process train for membrane filtration, shown in Figure 9, consists of membrane modules and the related piping for waste streams and appurtenances for chemical treatment The treatment costs, expressed as cost of service, for membrane filtration are estimated to be $1.10/1000 gallons for a 1 mgd supply. The cost per 1000 gallons levels out after 15 mgd at around $0.75/10000 gallons. Advanced Secondary Effluent Microfiltration Disinfection Figure 9. Tertiary 2 – Membrane Filtration 5.6.4 Tertiary 3-Membrane Softening As discussed under Tertiary 1 water, many industrial uses require water that is at least partially softened. Section 3.2.4 identified the different membrane softening technologies available. For this study, reverse osmosis was used to estimate the costs of membrane softening. Reverse osmosis requires a pre-filtered water supply. The cost model assumes use of microfiltration and cartridge filtration, as shown in Figure 10.
TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Components and Costs Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use Advanced Secondary Effluent Cartridge Filtration Microfiltration Reverse Osmosis Disinfection Figure 10. Tertiary 3 – Membrane Softening Reverse osmosis produces a water quality that would be adequate for most industrial process uses, except those with very specific requirements, such as electronic and computer manufacturing facilities. It also produces a higher quality of water for cooling applications, which will allow for more reciruculation and water conservation. Treatments costs, expressed as cost of service, about $2.50/1000 gallons for a 1 mgd supply, dropping below $2/1000 gallons for 15 mgd capacity systems. 5.6.5 Tertiary 4-Advanced Tertiary – 4 With GAC The Tertiary 4 classes of reclaimed water provide additional treatment to remove specific target constituents. Granular activated carbon (GAC) reactors are typically used to remove a variety of organic compounds and heavy metals. For this study’s cost model, the reactor is assumed to follow the reverse osmosis process as shown in Figure 11. This process train would be for a very specific situation. A more likely scenario for application would be the use of GAC following microfiltration without an RO process. This process train would be used to target specific constituents (metals, organics) for a water reuse application that was not concerned with hardness or high salt concentrations. Advanced Secondary Effluent Microfiltration Cartridge Filtration GAC Reverse Osmosis Disinfection Figure 11. Tertiary 4 – Membrane Softening with GAC 38 Craddock Consulting Engineers In Association with CDM & James Crook TM3-Component&Costs_0707
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Acknowledgements This study was con
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Contents Recycling Treated Municipa
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Contents Recycling Treated Municipa
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Executive Summary Vision Executive
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Section 1: Introduction 1.1 Project
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Table 1.2. Water Use in Minnesota,
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Section 1: Introduction Recycling T
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1.5 Summary Section 1: Introduction
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Section 2: Recycled Wastewater Dema
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Figure 2.9. Ground Water Contaminat
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Table 2.8. Ethanol Plant Capacity a
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2.7 References Section 2: Recycled
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Section 3: Recycled Wastewater Syst
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Water Quality Overview The total co
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Industrial Water Quality Concerns S
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Emerging Contaminants of Concern Se
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3.4 Storage and Transmission Overvi
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Cost by Standard Industry Categorie
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Costs and Planning Considerations S
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Section 4: Implementation Considera
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Economic Incentives and Risk Assess
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Section 5: Summary and Potential Ne
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Long-Term Vision Section 5: Summary
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Exhibit A: California Water Recycli
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Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
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Contents Section 1 - Introduction C
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Craddock Consulting Engineers In As
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Section 1 Introduction Craddock Con
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 2-1 I
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Section 2 Implementation Considerat
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Table 2.4. Examples of State Water
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 3-1 I
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Section 3 Inventory of Major WWTPs
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Figure 3.6. Industrial Reuse Custom
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Figure 3.7b. Ground Water Availabil
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") Figure 3.8c. Cedar River Watersh
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") ") ") ") Figure 3.10c. Lower Mis
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Figure 3.12c. Mississippi River - H
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Figure 3.14b. Rainy River Watershed
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") Figure 3.16c. St. Croix River Wa
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Figure 3.18 Metro Area Industrial R
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G G Flying Cloud Dr !! G! G Figure
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Figure 3.22. Rogers WWTP - Industri
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G G G! Dodd Rd GG Figure 3.24. Rose
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G Figure 3.26. Hastings WWTP - Indu
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State Hwy 36 ! Figure 3.28. St. Cro
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Water Use Code Categories Minnesota
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Minnesota Water Use for All Categor
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Air Conditioning 0.2% Waterworks 15
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Minnesota Water Use, 2000-2004 - St
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Minnesota Water Use in 2004 (withou
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Minnesota Water Use in 2000 (withou
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UseCode by Year Minnesota Power Gen
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 350
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Minnesota Industrial Processing Fac
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Minnesota Industrial Processing Fac
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 120
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 13.
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Overview There are no federal regul
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Appendix B Status of Water Reuse Re
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Table 4. Examples of State Water Re
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Setback Distances Appendix B Status
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 3.5
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Table 3.9a. Industrial Water Use in
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Table 3.10a. Industrial Water Use i
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Table 3.10d. Industries in the Lowe
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 8 7
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Table 3.11d. Industries in the Minn
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Table 3.11d. Industries in the Minn
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 12
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Table 3.12c. Industries in the Miss
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Table 3.17c. Industries in the West
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MN Permit No Facility Minnesota Mun
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MN Permit No Facility Minnesota Mun
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Minnesota DNR Waters 2005 Ground-wa
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Permit No. Organization NAICS Code
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Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
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TM2: Sampling Plan and Results Recy
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Recommended Limits for Various Indu
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Exhibit B Blue Lake WWTP Sampling R
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MCES Blue Lake Plant Final Effluent
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Date Day of Wk MCES Blue Lake Plant
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MCES Empire Plant Final Effluent Sa
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Date Day of Wk 10/24/06 Tuesday 10/
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Exhibit D Metropolitan (Metro) WWTP
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MCES Metropolitan Plant Final Efflu
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Date Day of Wk 4/19/07 Thursday 4/2
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MCES Seneca Plant Final Effluent Sa
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Date Day of Wk 10/8/06 Sunday 10/9/
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Page 366 and 367: Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
Page 368 and 369: Section 5 - Costs Table of Contents
Page 370 and 371: TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Com
Page 374 and 375: WWTP 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 1 Treatmen
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Page 403 and 404: Table 13 WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF
Page 409 and 410: Cost of Service, $/1000 gallon 1.00
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Page 423 and 424: Appendix A Water Reuse Regulatory E
Page 425 and 426: Table A-1. 2000 California Water Re
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Page 431 and 432: Appendix B TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Rec
Page 433 and 434: Appendix B Reclaimed Water Transmis
Page 435 and 436: Exhibit 1 Transmission Main Cost To
Page 437 and 438: Pipe Installation Data (DR 18 PVC P
Page 439 and 440: Equipment Costs (with O&P) Item Des
Page 441 and 442: Water Reuse Pipe Line Construction
Page 443 and 444: Construction Unit Costs Item (2006
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Page 447 and 448: Capital PROJECT Cost Curves for Rec
Page 449 and 450: Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow A
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $ Millio
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Exhibit 3 Water Reuse System O&M Co
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow (
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Pumping Cost, $/1000 gallons 0.095
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Water Reuse System Estimated Cost o
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WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF SERVICE
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Appendix D-1 Water Reuse System Cos
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Water Reuse System Estimates of Pro
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Cost of Service, $/1000 gallon 2.00
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Cost Curves as Basis for Tertiary 1
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Secondary Treatment Assumptions Sus
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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TM4: WWTP Effluent Quality Recyclin
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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1.0 Introduction This technical mem
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Exhibit A Regulatory Stakeholder Me
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MCES Recycling Treated Wastewater f
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Municipal Wastewater Reuse Regulato
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Exhibit B Industry Stakeholder Meet
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Recycling Treated Wastewater For In
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Exhibit C Broader Base Stakeholder
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