Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

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Table 4. Examples of State Water Reuse Criteria for Selected Nonpotable Applications (cont’d) State Arizona Appendix B Status of Water Reuse Regulations and Guidelines Craddock Consulting Engineers B-7 In Association with CDM & James Crook WWReuse Tm1_Appendix B_Regulatory.doc Restricted Access Irrigation 1 Quality Limits 200 fecal coli/100 ml California 23 total coli/100 ml Colorado Florida New Mexico (Policy) Utah Texas 126 E.coli/100 ml 3 NTU 200 fecal coli/100 ml 20 mg/L CBOD 6 20 mg/l TSS 7 200 fecal coli/100 ml 30 mg/L BOD 6 30 mg/L TSS 200 fecal coli/100 ml 25 mg/L BOD 25 mg/L TSS 200 fecal coli/100 ml 20 mg/L BOD 15 mg/L CBOD Washington 23 total coli/100 ml Treatment Required Secondary Disinfection Oxidation Disinfection Secondary Disinfection Secondary Disinfection Not specified Secondary Disinfection Not specified Oxidation Disinfection Unrestricted Access Irrigation 2 Quality Limits No detect. fecal coli/ 100 ml 2 NTU 2.2 total coli/100 ml 2 NTU 126 E.coli/100 ml 3 NTU No detect. fecal coli/ 100 ml 20 mg/L CBOD 5 mg/L TSS If within 100 ft of dwelling: 5 fecal coli/100 ml 10 mg/L BOD 3 NTU No detect. fecal coli/ 100 ml 10 mg/L BOD 2 NTU 20 fecal coli/100 ml 3 NTU 5 mg/L BOD or CBOD 2.2 total coli/100 ml 2 NTU Treatment Required Oxidation Filtration Disinfection Secondary Coagulation 4 Filtration Disinfection Secondary Filtration Disinfection Secondary Filtration Disinfection Not specified Secondary Filtration Disinfection Not specified Oxidation Coagulation Filtration Disinfection Toilet Flushing 3 Industrial Cooling Water 4 Quality Limits No detect. fecal coli/100 ml 2 NTU 2.2 total coli/ 100 ml 2 NTU Treatment Required Oxidation Filtration Disinfection Oxidation Coagulation 5 Filtration Disinfection Not covered Not covered No detect. fecal coli/100 ml 20 mg/L CBOD 5 mg/L TSS 100 fecal coli/100 ml 30 mg/L BOD 30 mg/L TSS No detect. fecal coli/100 ml 10 mg/L BOD 2 NTU 20 fecal coli/100 ml 3 NTU 5 mg/L BOD or CBOD 2.2 total coli/ 100 ml 2 NTU Secondary Filtration Disinfection Quality Limits Treatment Required Not covered Not covered 2.2 total coli/100 ml 2 NTU 126 E.coli/100 ml 3 NTU No detect. fecal coli/ 100 ml 20 mg/L CBOD 5 mg/L TSS Oxidation Coagulation 4 Filtration Disinfection Secondary Filtration Disinfection Secondary Filtration Disinfection Not specified Not covered Not covered Secondary Filtration Disinfection Not specified Oxidation Coagulation Filtration Disinfection 200 fecal coli/100 ml 25 mg/L BOD 25 mg/TSS 200 fecal coli/100 ml 20 mg/L BOD 15 mg/L CBOD 2.2 total coli/100 ml 2 NTU Secondary Disinfection Not specified Oxidation Coagulation Filtration Disinfection 1 Classification varies by state; generally includes irrigation of cemeteries, freeway medians, restricted access golf courses, and similar restricted access areas. 2 Includes irrigation of parks, playgrounds, schoolyards, residential lawns, and similar unrestricted access areas. 3 Not allowed in single-family residential dwelling units. 4 Cooling towers where a mist is created that may reach populated areas. 5 Not needed if filter effluent turbidity does not exceed 2 NTU, the turbidity of the influent to the filters is continually measured, the influent turbidity does not exceed 5 NTU for more than 15 minutes and never exceeds 10 NTU, and there is capability to automatically activate chemical addition or divert the wastewater should the filter influent turbidity exceed 5 NTU for more than 15 minutes. 6 CBOD – Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand; where BOD is the same as Total BOD 7 TSS – total suspended solids
Appendix B Status of Water Reuse Regulations and Guidelines In the few states that have adopted regulations for reclaimed water use in wetlands, requirements vary based on type of wetland system and degree of public access. For example, Washington requires that reclaimed water discharged to natural wetlands where there is no expected human contact with the water must meet Class D reclaimed water standards (secondary treatment and not more than 240 total coliform (coli)/100 ml), while discharges to natural or constructed wetlands providing human contact recreational or educational beneficial uses must meet Class A reclaimed water standards (tertiary treatment and not more than 2.2 total coli/100 ml in the reclaimed water). Reclaimed water discharged to any wetland system in Washington cannot exceed the following water quality limits: 20 mg/L biochemical oxygen demand (BOD); 20 mg/L total suspended solids (TSS); 3 mg/L total Kjeldahl nitrogen (as N); and 1 mg/L total phosphorus (as P). Industrial Uses Other than Cooling Due to the myriad of industrial processes that use water, regulatory agencies generally prescribe water reuse requirements for industrial applications other than cooling on an individual case basis. Reclaimed water from conventional wastewater treatment processes is of adequate quality for many industrial applications that can tolerate water of less than potable quality. Industrial uses of reclaimed water include cooling, process water, stack scrubbing, boiler feed, wash water, transport of material, and as an ingredient in a nonfood-related product. Regulatory considerations for reuse of water in industrial applications include generation of aerosols, safety of manufactured products, and associated food and beverage production. For example, Florida regulations address the use of reclaimed water for food processing at industrial facilities. Florida’s reuse rule specifically prohibits the use of reclaimed water in the manufacture or processing of food or beverage for human consumption where the reclaimed water will be incorporated into or come in contact with the food or beverage product. Similarly, Washington standards do not allow the use of reclaimed water for food preparation and prohibit its use in food or drink for humans. While many industrial uses require water of higher chemical quality than that typically present in reclaimed water, e.g., computer chip manufacturing requires reverse osmosis treatment to produce ultra-pure wash water, water reuse regulations are intended to provide health protection and only include requirements to attain that end. Miscellaneous Nonpotable Uses While all states that have water reuse regulations or guidelines include criteria for crop and/or landscape irrigation, some include requirements for less common uses of reclaimed water, such as flushing sanitary sewers, street cleaning, dust control, soil compaction, making concrete, snowmaking, decorative fountains, commercial laundries, commercial car washes, equipment washing, and fire protection systems. For these and similar uses, the various state standards impose wastewater treatment process requirements, reclaimed water quality limits, and design and operational requirements reflective of the degree of human exposure to the water that are in concert with other more common uses of reclaimed water. For example, secondary treatment with a minimal level of disinfection is acceptable for uses where there is little or no expected Craddock Consulting Engineers B-8 In Association with CDM & James Crook WWReuse Tm1_Appendix B_Regulatory.doc
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Acknowledgements This study was con
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Contents Recycling Treated Municipa
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Contents Recycling Treated Municipa
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Executive Summary Vision Executive
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Section 1: Introduction 1.1 Project
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Table 1.2. Water Use in Minnesota,
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Section 1: Introduction Recycling T
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1.5 Summary Section 1: Introduction
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Section 2: Recycled Wastewater Dema
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Figure 2.9. Ground Water Contaminat
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Table 2.8. Ethanol Plant Capacity a
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2.7 References Section 2: Recycled
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Section 3: Recycled Wastewater Syst
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Water Quality Overview The total co
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Industrial Water Quality Concerns S
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Emerging Contaminants of Concern Se
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3.4 Storage and Transmission Overvi
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Cost by Standard Industry Categorie
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Costs and Planning Considerations S
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Section 4: Implementation Considera
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Economic Incentives and Risk Assess
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Section 5: Summary and Potential Ne
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Long-Term Vision Section 5: Summary
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Exhibit A: California Water Recycli
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Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
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Contents Section 1 - Introduction C
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Craddock Consulting Engineers In As
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Section 1 Introduction Craddock Con
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 2-1 I
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Section 2 Implementation Considerat
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Table 2.4. Examples of State Water
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 3-1 I
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Section 3 Inventory of Major WWTPs
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Figure 3.6. Industrial Reuse Custom
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Figure 3.7b. Ground Water Availabil
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") Figure 3.8c. Cedar River Watersh
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") ") ") ") Figure 3.10c. Lower Mis
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Figure 3.12c. Mississippi River - H
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Figure 3.14b. Rainy River Watershed
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") Figure 3.16c. St. Croix River Wa
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Figure 3.18 Metro Area Industrial R
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G G Flying Cloud Dr !! G! G Figure
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Page 182 and 183: Figure 3.22. Rogers WWTP - Industri
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Page 200 and 201: Water Use Code Categories Minnesota
Page 202 and 203: Minnesota Water Use for All Categor
Page 204 and 205: Air Conditioning 0.2% Waterworks 15
Page 206 and 207: Minnesota Water Use, 2000-2004 - St
Page 208 and 209: Minnesota Water Use in 2004 (withou
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Page 212 and 213: UseCode by Year Minnesota Power Gen
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Page 226 and 227: Overview There are no federal regul
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Page 238 and 239: Setback Distances Appendix B Status
Page 248 and 249: WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 3.5
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Page 258 and 259: Table 3.11d. Industries in the Minn
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Table 3.17c. Industries in the West
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MN Permit No Facility Minnesota Mun
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MN Permit No Facility Minnesota Mun
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Minnesota DNR Waters 2005 Ground-wa
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Permit No. Organization NAICS Code
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TM2: Sampling Plan and Results Recy
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Recommended Limits for Various Indu
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Exhibit B Blue Lake WWTP Sampling R
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MCES Blue Lake Plant Final Effluent
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Date Day of Wk MCES Blue Lake Plant
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MCES Empire Plant Final Effluent Sa
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Date Day of Wk 10/24/06 Tuesday 10/
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Exhibit D Metropolitan (Metro) WWTP
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MCES Metropolitan Plant Final Efflu
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Date Day of Wk 4/19/07 Thursday 4/2
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MCES Seneca Plant Final Effluent Sa
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Date Day of Wk 10/8/06 Sunday 10/9/
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Section 5 - Costs Table of Contents
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TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Com
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WWTP 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 1 Treatmen
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o Synthetic medium o Two-stage Surf
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Table 13 WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF
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Cost of Service, $/1000 gallon 1.00
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Cost of Service, $/1000 gallons 8.0
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Appendix A Water Reuse Regulatory E
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Table A-1. 2000 California Water Re
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California Department of Health Ser
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Other Media Type Filters Fuzzy Filt
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Appendix B TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Rec
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Appendix B Reclaimed Water Transmis
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Exhibit 1 Transmission Main Cost To
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Pipe Installation Data (DR 18 PVC P
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Equipment Costs (with O&P) Item Des
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Water Reuse Pipe Line Construction
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Construction Unit Costs Item (2006
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Crew Costs (with O&P) St. Paul Pres
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Capital PROJECT Cost Curves for Rec
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow A
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow A
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $ Millio
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $/1000 g
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Annual Pipe Average Annual Velocity
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $ Millio
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Exhibit 3 Water Reuse System O&M Co
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow (
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Pumping Cost, $/1000 gallons 0.095
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Water Reuse System Estimated Cost o
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WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF SERVICE
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Appendix D-1 Water Reuse System Cos
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Water Reuse System Estimates of Pro
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Cost Curves as Basis for Tertiary 1
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Secondary Treatment Assumptions Sus
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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TM4: WWTP Effluent Quality Recyclin
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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1.0 Introduction This technical mem
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Exhibit A Regulatory Stakeholder Me
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MCES Recycling Treated Wastewater f
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Municipal Wastewater Reuse Regulato
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Exhibit B Industry Stakeholder Meet
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Recycling Treated Wastewater For In
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Exhibit C Broader Base Stakeholder
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