Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

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TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Components and Costs Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use Table 4. Comparison of Microfiltration/Ultrafiltration to Depth/Surface Filtration 1 Advantages Better microorganism removal: removes protozoans, cysts, oocysts, and helminthes; partial removal of bacteria and viruses; could result in lower costs for disinfection. Smaller footprint for equipment; typically 50-80 percent less. As an MBR, can be cost-competitive to conventional secondary treatment processes. Disadvantages Higher O&M costs associated with: o Energy o Membrane replacement (approximately every 5 yrs) o Monitoring for performance (membrane integrity testing) o Residuals handling and disposal of concentrate (for some facilities) Pretreatment may be required to prevent fouling, adding to footprint and overall costs. Scale formation can lead to problems. Less flow variation capability. 1Adapted from Metcalf & Eddy, 2007 The DAF process relies on the formation of microbubbles released after air dissolved under pressure in the water is brought to standard conditions. The bubbles surround slow-settling particles and float them to the surface. The float layer accumulates solids and thickens and is removed by mechanical skimming systems. Clarified water is removed from below the surface. 3.2.4 Residual Dissolved Solids Removal (Demineralization/ Softening) Reclaimed supplies from areas with traditionally hard source waters and high dissolved salts may require some type of softening or demineralization process to meet the requirements of certain industrial water uses. Most of Minnesota’s water supplies are of medium to high hardness and are higher in dissolved salts. However, some waters may have an adequate balance of anions and cations and depending on the use of the water, could be of adequate quality without the need for additional treatment. A complete analysis of the secondary effluent is required to assess the additional treatment needs. The applicable technologies addressed in this study are limited to membrane processes and VRTX, a hydrodynamic cavitation process, since lime softening was summarized in Section 3.2.2. Reuse applications include recycled cooling water uses and electronics production. There are two basic membrane separation processes: pressure driven and electrically driven. Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are pressure driven processes and require hydrostatic pressure to overcome the osmotic pressure of the feed stream. Reverse osmosis provides the most complete removal of constituents of concern for industrial water use applications, such as TDS, hardness, nitrate, and dissolved organic compounds. The removal rate of these constituents is between 90-98 percent for osmosis and half that for nanofiltration (Wong, 2003). Electrodialysis has removal rates of 50-95 percent for multivalent ions and does not remove smaller organic compounds. Microorganism removal (bacteria, protozoa, viruses) is considered to be 4-7 log removal for RO and 3-6 log removal for NF. No log removal credit is given for Craddock Consulting Engineers 13 In Association with CDM & James Crook TM3-Component&Costs_0707
TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Components and Costs Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use ED. Table 5 summarizes removal rates for the three membrane technologies, as well as other factors related to the process and application uses pertinent to reuse. Table 5. Factors and Applications for Dissolved Solids Removal Membrane Processes1 Factor/Application Factors Nanofiltration Reverse Osmosis Electrodialysis Typical constituents • small molecules • very small • charged ionic removed • color molecules solutes • some hardness • color • bacteria, viruses • hardness • proteins • sulfates • nitrate, sodium • other ions • bacteria, viruses Molecular weight cutoff 300-1000
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Acknowledgements This study was con
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Contents Recycling Treated Municipa
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Contents Recycling Treated Municipa
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Executive Summary Vision Executive
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Section 1: Introduction 1.1 Project
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Table 1.2. Water Use in Minnesota,
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Section 1: Introduction Recycling T
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1.5 Summary Section 1: Introduction
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Section 2: Recycled Wastewater Dema
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Figure 2.9. Ground Water Contaminat
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Table 2.8. Ethanol Plant Capacity a
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2.7 References Section 2: Recycled
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Section 3: Recycled Wastewater Syst
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Water Quality Overview The total co
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Industrial Water Quality Concerns S
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Emerging Contaminants of Concern Se
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3.4 Storage and Transmission Overvi
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Cost by Standard Industry Categorie
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Costs and Planning Considerations S
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Section 4: Implementation Considera
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Economic Incentives and Risk Assess
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Section 5: Summary and Potential Ne
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Long-Term Vision Section 5: Summary
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Exhibit A: California Water Recycli
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Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
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Contents Section 1 - Introduction C
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Craddock Consulting Engineers In As
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Section 1 Introduction Craddock Con
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 2-1 I
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Section 2 Implementation Considerat
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Table 2.4. Examples of State Water
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 3-1 I
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Section 3 Inventory of Major WWTPs
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Figure 3.6. Industrial Reuse Custom
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Figure 3.7b. Ground Water Availabil
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") Figure 3.8c. Cedar River Watersh
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") ") ") ") Figure 3.10c. Lower Mis
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Figure 3.12c. Mississippi River - H
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Figure 3.14b. Rainy River Watershed
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") Figure 3.16c. St. Croix River Wa
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Figure 3.18 Metro Area Industrial R
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G G Flying Cloud Dr !! G! G Figure
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Figure 3.22. Rogers WWTP - Industri
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G G G! Dodd Rd GG Figure 3.24. Rose
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G Figure 3.26. Hastings WWTP - Indu
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State Hwy 36 ! Figure 3.28. St. Cro
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Water Use Code Categories Minnesota
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Minnesota Water Use for All Categor
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Air Conditioning 0.2% Waterworks 15
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Minnesota Water Use, 2000-2004 - St
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Minnesota Water Use in 2004 (withou
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Minnesota Water Use in 2000 (withou
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UseCode by Year Minnesota Power Gen
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 350
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Minnesota Industrial Processing Fac
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Minnesota Industrial Processing Fac
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 120
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 13.
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Overview There are no federal regul
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Appendix B Status of Water Reuse Re
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Table 4. Examples of State Water Re
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Setback Distances Appendix B Status
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 3.5
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Table 3.9a. Industrial Water Use in
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Table 3.10a. Industrial Water Use i
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Table 3.10d. Industries in the Lowe
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 8 7
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Table 3.11d. Industries in the Minn
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Table 3.11d. Industries in the Minn
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 12
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Table 3.12c. Industries in the Miss
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Table 3.17c. Industries in the West
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MN Permit No Facility Minnesota Mun
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MN Permit No Facility Minnesota Mun
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Minnesota DNR Waters 2005 Ground-wa
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Permit No. Organization NAICS Code
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Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
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TM2: Sampling Plan and Results Recy
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Recommended Limits for Various Indu
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Exhibit B Blue Lake WWTP Sampling R
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MCES Blue Lake Plant Final Effluent
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Page 368 and 369: Section 5 - Costs Table of Contents
Page 370 and 371: TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Com
Page 374 and 375: WWTP 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 1 Treatmen
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Page 403 and 404: Table 13 WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF
Page 409 and 410: Cost of Service, $/1000 gallon 1.00
Page 419 and 420: Cost of Service, $/1000 gallons 8.0
Page 423 and 424: Appendix A Water Reuse Regulatory E
Page 425 and 426: Table A-1. 2000 California Water Re
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Page 431 and 432: Appendix B TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Rec
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Appendix B Reclaimed Water Transmis
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Exhibit 1 Transmission Main Cost To
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Pipe Installation Data (DR 18 PVC P
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Equipment Costs (with O&P) Item Des
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Water Reuse Pipe Line Construction
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Construction Unit Costs Item (2006
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Crew Costs (with O&P) St. Paul Pres
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Capital PROJECT Cost Curves for Rec
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow A
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow A
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $ Millio
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $/1000 g
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Annual Pipe Average Annual Velocity
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $ Millio
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Exhibit 3 Water Reuse System O&M Co
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow (
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Pumping Cost, $/1000 gallons 0.095
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Water Reuse System Estimated Cost o
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WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF SERVICE
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Appendix D-1 Water Reuse System Cos
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Water Reuse System Estimates of Pro
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Cost of Service, $/1000 gallon 2.00
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Cost Curves as Basis for Tertiary 1
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Secondary Treatment Assumptions Sus
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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TM4: WWTP Effluent Quality Recyclin
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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1.0 Introduction This technical mem
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Exhibit A Regulatory Stakeholder Me
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MCES Recycling Treated Wastewater f
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Municipal Wastewater Reuse Regulato
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Exhibit B Industry Stakeholder Meet
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Recycling Treated Wastewater For In
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Exhibit C Broader Base Stakeholder
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Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

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