Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

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TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Components and Costs Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use the concentration limits in the existing NPDES permit, which are commonly 20 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively. The total coliform limit is based on the Title 22 criteria for a secondary-23 recycled water and assumes a use of the water that does not contact humans. The remainder of the constituents listed are those used in treatment technology selection and sizing of equipment/processes for removal of residual colloidal/dissolved solids and trace constituents. The concentrations listed reflect the variability in the source waters in Minnesota. In general, Minnesota has hard water with high salt concentrations. These concentrations increase with domestic practices, particularly home softening units. Average (Source A) and Hard (Source B) water quality types are assumed for cost analyses. Table 6. Assumed Base WWTP Effluent Quality Constituent Effluent Concentration 1 BOD, mg/L
TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Components and Costs Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use quality effluent. Membrane bioreactors are included in Figure 3, recognizing it as a future technology for Minnesota. The type of phosphorus removal is not identified in the Base WWTP. A facility could use chemical or biological phosphorus removal to achieve a 1 mg/L total phosphorus limit. Certain technologies could be selected because of benefits to the phosphorus removal mechanism. For example, if a facility uses chemical phosphorus removal, the use of a chemical softening process with coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation could provide a more optimum use of chemicals for phosphorus removal, provide flexibility in chemical addition points, and reduce suspended solids and hardness. For example, the City of Mankato considered these benefits in the selection of their processes to produce reclaimed water for the cooling towers of the Mankato Energy Center. Additional Disinfection Requirements The base WWTP assumes the facility has disinfection equipment and structures to meet Minnesota’s seasonal fecal coliform limits. The majority of Minnesota’s WWTPS are permitted to disinfect from April through October and is the assumed period of disinfection for this study. There are three disinfection system improvements required to produce a reclaimed supply from WWTPs in Minnesota for a non-contact industrial water use: Year-round disinfection Higher levels of disinfection to meet reclaimed water pathogen limits Transmission system residual disinfection In Minnesota, disinfection for pathogens in WWTP effluent is required only from April through October. For a reclaimed supply, disinfection must occur year-round or any time during which reclaimed water is delivered to users. While the existing facilities will be adequate to disinfect the WWTP effluent year-round to the levels required by the NPDES permit limit (typically a fecal coliform limit of 200/100 ml) there will be additional O&M costs associated with the extra five months of disinfection a year. The California Water Recycling Criteria include a total coliform limit of 23/100 ml for the base system reclaimed supply. Most Minnesota WWTPs use chlorination or UV radiation for disinfection. In the case of chlorination systems, higher levels of disinfection can be achieved by increasing the concentration of chlorine in the effluent while using the same contact tanks. With UV radiation, the need to upgrade or add equipment will depend on the peaking factor criteria used to design the system and other flexibilities designed in the system. The other disinfection requirement is the presence of a residual disinfectant in the transmission system. The most common practice is the use of sodium hypochlorite which is the practice assumed for this study. While some systems may have adequate capacity to add a residual with their existing chlorination system, those with UV radiation processes will need new facilities and equipment. 20 Craddock Consulting Engineers In Association with CDM & James Crook TM3-Component&Costs_0707
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Acknowledgements This study was con
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Contents Recycling Treated Municipa
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Contents Recycling Treated Municipa
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Executive Summary Vision Executive
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Section 1: Introduction 1.1 Project
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Table 1.2. Water Use in Minnesota,
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Section 1: Introduction Recycling T
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1.5 Summary Section 1: Introduction
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Section 2: Recycled Wastewater Dema
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Figure 2.9. Ground Water Contaminat
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Table 2.8. Ethanol Plant Capacity a
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2.7 References Section 2: Recycled
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Section 3: Recycled Wastewater Syst
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Water Quality Overview The total co
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Industrial Water Quality Concerns S
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Emerging Contaminants of Concern Se
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3.4 Storage and Transmission Overvi
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Cost by Standard Industry Categorie
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Costs and Planning Considerations S
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Section 4: Implementation Considera
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Economic Incentives and Risk Assess
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Section 5: Summary and Potential Ne
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Long-Term Vision Section 5: Summary
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Exhibit A: California Water Recycli
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Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
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Contents Section 1 - Introduction C
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Craddock Consulting Engineers In As
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Section 1 Introduction Craddock Con
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 2-1 I
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Section 2 Implementation Considerat
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Table 2.4. Examples of State Water
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 3-1 I
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Section 3 Inventory of Major WWTPs
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Figure 3.6. Industrial Reuse Custom
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Figure 3.7b. Ground Water Availabil
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") Figure 3.8c. Cedar River Watersh
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") ") ") ") Figure 3.10c. Lower Mis
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Figure 3.12c. Mississippi River - H
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Figure 3.14b. Rainy River Watershed
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") Figure 3.16c. St. Croix River Wa
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Figure 3.18 Metro Area Industrial R
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G G Flying Cloud Dr !! G! G Figure
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Figure 3.22. Rogers WWTP - Industri
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G G G! Dodd Rd GG Figure 3.24. Rose
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G Figure 3.26. Hastings WWTP - Indu
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State Hwy 36 ! Figure 3.28. St. Cro
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Water Use Code Categories Minnesota
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Minnesota Water Use for All Categor
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Air Conditioning 0.2% Waterworks 15
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Minnesota Water Use, 2000-2004 - St
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Minnesota Water Use in 2004 (withou
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Minnesota Water Use in 2000 (withou
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UseCode by Year Minnesota Power Gen
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 350
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Minnesota Industrial Processing Fac
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Minnesota Industrial Processing Fac
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 120
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 13.
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Overview There are no federal regul
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Appendix B Status of Water Reuse Re
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Table 4. Examples of State Water Re
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Setback Distances Appendix B Status
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 3.5
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Table 3.9a. Industrial Water Use in
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Table 3.10a. Industrial Water Use i
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Table 3.10d. Industries in the Lowe
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 8 7
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Table 3.11d. Industries in the Minn
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Table 3.11d. Industries in the Minn
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 12
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Table 3.12c. Industries in the Miss
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Table 3.17c. Industries in the West
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MN Permit No Facility Minnesota Mun
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MN Permit No Facility Minnesota Mun
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Minnesota DNR Waters 2005 Ground-wa
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Permit No. Organization NAICS Code
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Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
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TM2: Sampling Plan and Results Recy
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Recommended Limits for Various Indu
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Exhibit B Blue Lake WWTP Sampling R
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MCES Blue Lake Plant Final Effluent
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Date Day of Wk MCES Blue Lake Plant
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Page 340 and 341: MCES Empire Plant Final Effluent Sa
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Page 350 and 351: MCES Metropolitan Plant Final Efflu
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Page 358 and 359: MCES Seneca Plant Final Effluent Sa
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Page 368 and 369: Section 5 - Costs Table of Contents
Page 370 and 371: TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Com
Page 374 and 375: WWTP 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 1 Treatmen
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Page 403 and 404: Table 13 WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF
Page 409 and 410: Cost of Service, $/1000 gallon 1.00
Page 419 and 420: Cost of Service, $/1000 gallons 8.0
Page 423 and 424: Appendix A Water Reuse Regulatory E
Page 425 and 426: Table A-1. 2000 California Water Re
Page 427 and 428: California Department of Health Ser
Page 429 and 430: Other Media Type Filters Fuzzy Filt
Page 431 and 432: Appendix B TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Rec
Page 433 and 434: Appendix B Reclaimed Water Transmis
Page 435 and 436: Exhibit 1 Transmission Main Cost To
Page 437 and 438: Pipe Installation Data (DR 18 PVC P
Page 439 and 440: Equipment Costs (with O&P) Item Des
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Water Reuse Pipe Line Construction
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Construction Unit Costs Item (2006
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Crew Costs (with O&P) St. Paul Pres
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Capital PROJECT Cost Curves for Rec
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow A
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow A
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $ Millio
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $/1000 g
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Annual Pipe Average Annual Velocity
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $ Millio
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Exhibit 3 Water Reuse System O&M Co
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow (
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Pumping Cost, $/1000 gallons 0.095
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Water Reuse System Estimated Cost o
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WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF SERVICE
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Appendix D-1 Water Reuse System Cos
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Water Reuse System Estimates of Pro
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Cost of Service, $/1000 gallon 2.00
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Cost Curves as Basis for Tertiary 1
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Secondary Treatment Assumptions Sus
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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TM4: WWTP Effluent Quality Recyclin
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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1.0 Introduction This technical mem
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Exhibit A Regulatory Stakeholder Me
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MCES Recycling Treated Wastewater f
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Municipal Wastewater Reuse Regulato
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Exhibit B Industry Stakeholder Meet
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Recycling Treated Wastewater For In
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Exhibit C Broader Base Stakeholder
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