Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

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TM2: Sampling Plan and Results Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use reuse practices. The use of the Mankato WWTP treated effluent for cooling water use at the new Mankato Energy Center facility demonstrates that this practice has strong potential in Minnesota. In addition to constituents of concern for cooling water, other constituents will be analyzed for boiler feed water use, and other industrial categories, such as pulp & paper (indicative of requirements for paper and print production, a significant water use in the metro area), general chemical processing, and materials production (cement). Table 1 lists cooling water and industrial process water quality requirements for several industries. 1.3 Study Boundaries The work program contained in the Agreement between the LCMR and Met Council limited the sampling program to Council facilities. With eight facilities of varying sizes, ground and surface community water supplies, a range of industrial dischargers, and different treatment processes, the sampling results will provide a range of values that can generally be applied across the state. The effluent quality of a municipal WWTP is affected by many factors, including: the source water used by the community; industrial, commercial and domestic discharges to the WWTP; and the wastewater treatment processes (and recycles) of the WWTP. The range of concentrations for the constituents listed in Table 1 is expected to vary significantly over the state or even for WWTPs of communities using the same water supply. It is critical that a specific WWTP effluent be analyzed for the constituents of concern for each industry considering use of that reclaimed water supply. While the sampling results of one facility can not be assumed directly for another facility, a potential range of concentrations can be assumed. A better understanding of variability in WWTP effluent quality for different plants will assist in determining the applicability of reclaimed water for a specific industry at a specific plant. The results can also help to identify where more sampling is required and can streamline additional sampling efforts. 2.0 Sampling Plan 2.1 Constituents of Concern The constituents selected for the sampling program include those identified as a concern for general water uses or industry categories, as listed in Table 1, plus constituents that are anticipated to be regulated through a permit. The state of Minnesota uses the California Water Recycling Criteria for its regulatory review of water reuse practices, which includes limits for pathogens, organics, and solids. Total coliforms are the only regulated constituent for industrial water uses in the California Water Recycling Criteria. Table 2 lists all the constituents included for this sampling program. 2 Craddock Consulting Engineers In Association with CDM & James Crook TM2-Sampling_0707.doc
Table 1. Generalized Water Quality Criteria for Select Industrial Uses Cooling Water Boiler Feed Water Pulp & Paper Petrochem Textiles (Makeup for Medium High Pulp & Chemical & Coal Scouring, Cement Recirculating Low Pressure Pressure (150- Pressure Mechanical Chemical, Paper, Sizing Bleach & Constituent (in mg/L) Systems)* (700 psig) Piping Unbleached Bleached Suspension Dye Alkalinity (as CaCO3) 20-350 350 100 40 -- -- -- 125 -- -- -- 400 Aluminum (Al) 0.1 5 0.1 0.01 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Calcium (Ca) 50 -- 0.4 0.01 -- 20 20 70 75 -- -- -- Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 45 5 5 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Chloride (Cl) 100-500 -- -- -- 1,000 200 200 500 300 -- -- 250 Color (units) -- 30 30 10 20 25 5 5 -- Copper (Cu) -- 0.5 0.05 0.05 -- -- -- -- 0.05 0.01 -- -- Dissolved Oxygen (DO) -- 2.5 0.007 0.007 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Iron (Fe) 0.5 1 0.3 0.05 0.3 1 0.1 0.1 1 0.3 0.1 2.5 Hardness (as CaCO3) 130-650 350 1 0.07 -- 100 100 250 350 25 25 -- Bicarbonate (HCO3) 25-200 170 120 48 -- -- -- 130 450 -- -- -- Magnesium (Mg) -- -- 0.25 0.01 -- 12 12 20 30 -- -- -- Manganese (Mn) 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.01 0.1 0.5 0.05 0.1 -- 0.05 0.01 0.5 Ammonia (NH3) 24 0.1 0.1 0.1 -- -- -- -- 40 -- -- -- Nitrate (NO3) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 5 10 -- -- -- Phosphorus (total: TP) 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -pH (units) -- -- -- -- 6 – 10 6 – 10 6 – 10 5.5-9.0 6 – 9 -- -- 6.5 – 8.5 Silicondioxide (SiO2) 50 30 10 0.7 -- 50 50 50 60 -- -- 35 Sulfate (SO4) 200 -- -- -- -- -- -- 100 600 -- -- 250 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 500 700 500 200 -- -- -- 1,000 1,000 100 100 600 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 100 10 5 0.5 -- 10 10 5 10 5 5 500 Zinc (Zn) -- -- 0.01 0.01 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- *Maximum of value range refers to concentration in final cooling stream discharge. Source: Adapted from Water Pollution Control Federation, 1989; Goldstein et al, 1970; Metcalf & Eddy, 2007.
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Acknowledgements This study was con
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Contents Recycling Treated Municipa
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Contents Recycling Treated Municipa
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Executive Summary Vision Executive
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Section 1: Introduction 1.1 Project
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Table 1.2. Water Use in Minnesota,
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Section 1: Introduction Recycling T
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1.5 Summary Section 1: Introduction
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Section 2: Recycled Wastewater Dema
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Figure 2.9. Ground Water Contaminat
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Table 2.8. Ethanol Plant Capacity a
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2.7 References Section 2: Recycled
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Section 3: Recycled Wastewater Syst
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Water Quality Overview The total co
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Industrial Water Quality Concerns S
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Emerging Contaminants of Concern Se
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3.4 Storage and Transmission Overvi
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Cost by Standard Industry Categorie
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Costs and Planning Considerations S
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Section 4: Implementation Considera
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Economic Incentives and Risk Assess
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Section 5: Summary and Potential Ne
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Long-Term Vision Section 5: Summary
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Exhibit A: California Water Recycli
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Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
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Contents Section 1 - Introduction C
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Craddock Consulting Engineers In As
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Section 1 Introduction Craddock Con
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 2-1 I
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Section 2 Implementation Considerat
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Table 2.4. Examples of State Water
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 3-1 I
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Section 3 Inventory of Major WWTPs
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Figure 3.6. Industrial Reuse Custom
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Figure 3.7b. Ground Water Availabil
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") Figure 3.8c. Cedar River Watersh
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") ") ") ") Figure 3.10c. Lower Mis
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Figure 3.12c. Mississippi River - H
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Figure 3.14b. Rainy River Watershed
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") Figure 3.16c. St. Croix River Wa
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Figure 3.18 Metro Area Industrial R
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G G Flying Cloud Dr !! G! G Figure
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Figure 3.22. Rogers WWTP - Industri
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G G G! Dodd Rd GG Figure 3.24. Rose
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G Figure 3.26. Hastings WWTP - Indu
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State Hwy 36 ! Figure 3.28. St. Cro
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Water Use Code Categories Minnesota
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Minnesota Water Use for All Categor
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Air Conditioning 0.2% Waterworks 15
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Minnesota Water Use, 2000-2004 - St
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Minnesota Water Use in 2004 (withou
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Minnesota Water Use in 2000 (withou
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UseCode by Year Minnesota Power Gen
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 350
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Minnesota Industrial Processing Fac
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Minnesota Industrial Processing Fac
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 120
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 13.
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Overview There are no federal regul
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Appendix B Status of Water Reuse Re
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Table 4. Examples of State Water Re
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Setback Distances Appendix B Status
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 3.5
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Table 3.9a. Industrial Water Use in
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Table 3.10a. Industrial Water Use i
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Table 3.10d. Industries in the Lowe
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 8 7
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Table 3.11d. Industries in the Minn
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Table 3.11d. Industries in the Minn
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Page 296 and 297: Permit No. Organization NAICS Code
Page 310 and 311: Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
Page 314 and 315: TM2: Sampling Plan and Results Recy
Page 326 and 327: Recommended Limits for Various Indu
Page 328: Exhibit B Blue Lake WWTP Sampling R
Page 331 and 332: MCES Blue Lake Plant Final Effluent
Page 333 and 334: Date Day of Wk MCES Blue Lake Plant
Page 340 and 341: MCES Empire Plant Final Effluent Sa
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Page 348 and 349: Exhibit D Metropolitan (Metro) WWTP
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Page 358 and 359: MCES Seneca Plant Final Effluent Sa
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Date Day of Wk 10/8/06 Sunday 10/9/
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Date Day of Wk 10/8/06 Sunday 10/9/
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Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
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Section 5 - Costs Table of Contents
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TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Com
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WWTP 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 1 Treatmen
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o Synthetic medium o Two-stage Surf
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Table 13 WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF
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Cost of Service, $/1000 gallon 1.00
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Cost of Service, $/1000 gallons 8.0
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Appendix A Water Reuse Regulatory E
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Table A-1. 2000 California Water Re
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California Department of Health Ser
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Other Media Type Filters Fuzzy Filt
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Appendix B TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Rec
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Appendix B Reclaimed Water Transmis
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Exhibit 1 Transmission Main Cost To
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Pipe Installation Data (DR 18 PVC P
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Equipment Costs (with O&P) Item Des
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Water Reuse Pipe Line Construction
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Construction Unit Costs Item (2006
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Crew Costs (with O&P) St. Paul Pres
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Capital PROJECT Cost Curves for Rec
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow A
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow A
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $ Millio
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $/1000 g
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Annual Pipe Average Annual Velocity
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $ Millio
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Exhibit 3 Water Reuse System O&M Co
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow (
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Pumping Cost, $/1000 gallons 0.095
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Water Reuse System Estimated Cost o
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WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF SERVICE
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Appendix D-1 Water Reuse System Cos
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Water Reuse System Estimates of Pro
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Cost Curves as Basis for Tertiary 1
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Secondary Treatment Assumptions Sus
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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TM4: WWTP Effluent Quality Recyclin
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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1.0 Introduction This technical mem
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Exhibit A Regulatory Stakeholder Me
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MCES Recycling Treated Wastewater f
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Municipal Wastewater Reuse Regulato
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Exhibit B Industry Stakeholder Meet
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Recycling Treated Wastewater For In
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Exhibit C Broader Base Stakeholder
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Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

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