Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

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Section 3: Recycled Wastewater System Components and Costs Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use As more restrictions are being placed on loadings to our waterways, the removal of the nutrients, nitrogen and phosphorus, will be implemented at more WWTPs and limits could be lowered for those already removing nutrients. New facilities and major expansions permitted in the state are anticipated to have nutrient limits that would dictate the use of an advanced secondary treatment process train. In addition, because one of the largest and most likely industrial uses of recycled wastewater is for cooling water, which requires minimal levels of phosphorus and ammonia, use of an advanced secondary treatment system effluent is an optimum starting point. This assumption does not exclude consideration of other types of wastewater treatment facilities for water reclamation, such as fixed film systems (trickling filters and rotating biological contactors), stabilization ponds, chemical/physical package systems, or natural systems (wetland treatment). However, it is likely that these facilities would require additional treatment processes to meet the water quality requirements of a specific industry and the regulatory requirements. Recycled Wastewater Classifications Five types of recycled wastewater, listed in Table 3.4, are used to categorize the recycled wastewater options available for specific industrial water supply requirements. The classification is based on a train of treatment technologies to meet a set of water quality goals. All classifications provide a safe supply from a public health perspective – the different water quality goals relate to the specific requirements for the industrial water use. All classifications assume an initial WWTP effluent quality typical of a secondary activated sludge system with ammonia and phosphorus removal, defined as the “base” supply. Additional treatment processes following secondary treatment are required to produce the other four classes of recycled wastewater. The term ‘tertiary’ is used to define these classifications because the treatment process generally follows the secondary treatment process at a WWTP. Table 3.4. Recycled Wastewater Classifications Classification Characteristics Base For non-contact industrial uses with low concern for hardness and dissolved solids Advanced Base WWTP process train – a secondary treatment system with ammonia and phosphorus Secondary removal Tertiary 1 For industrial uses with human contact potential and/or industries that require partial hardness Conventional or phosphorus removal Requires a coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation process with filtration; chemical used depends on target constituent Removes hardness (with lime) and some dissolved salts; provides some soluble organic removal and color removal Tertiary 2 For industrial uses with human contact potential and/or industries that can use hard/high salt Membrane water Filtration Provides soluble organic removal and color removal Provides pathogen removal and reduces disinfection requirements Tertiary 3 Membrane Softening Tertiary 4 Advanced Processes For industries requiring low dissolved salts Requires Tertiary 2 water followed by softening with reverse osmosis (RO) or electrodialysis (ED) depending on the target constituents For industries requiring low dissolved salts and removal of trace constituents Requires Tertiary 3 water with RO and either ion exchange, carbon adsorption or advanced oxidation processes, depending on the target constituent. Metropolitan Council Environmental Services 45
Section 3: Recycled Wastewater System Components and Costs Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use Table 3.5 identifies the typical water quality constituent concentrations for the five classes of recycled wastewater. Table 3.5. Water Quality for Recycled Wastewater Classifications 1 Constituent Recycled Wastewater Concentration 2 Base Tertiary 1 Tertiary 2 Tertiary 3 Tertiary 4 Advanced Secondary Conventional Membrane Filtration Membrane Softening Advanced Processes BOD, mg/L 5-10 < 5
Page 2 and 3: Acknowledgements This study was con
Page 4 and 5: Contents Recycling Treated Municipa
Page 6 and 7: Contents Recycling Treated Municipa
Page 8 and 9: Executive Summary Vision Executive
Page 10 and 11: Section 1: Introduction 1.1 Project
Page 12 and 13: Table 1.2. Water Use in Minnesota,
Page 14 and 15: Section 1: Introduction Recycling T
Page 16 and 17: 1.5 Summary Section 1: Introduction
Page 18 and 19: Section 2: Recycled Wastewater Dema
Page 26 and 27: Figure 2.9. Ground Water Contaminat
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Page 38 and 39: Table 2.8. Ethanol Plant Capacity a
Page 42 and 43: 2.7 References Section 2: Recycled
Page 44 and 45: Section 3: Recycled Wastewater Syst
Page 46 and 47: Water Quality Overview The total co
Page 48 and 49: Industrial Water Quality Concerns S
Page 50 and 51: Emerging Contaminants of Concern Se
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Page 60 and 61: Cost by Standard Industry Categorie
Page 62 and 63: Costs and Planning Considerations S
Page 64 and 65: Section 4: Implementation Considera
Page 66 and 67: Economic Incentives and Risk Assess
Page 68 and 69: Section 5: Summary and Potential Ne
Page 70 and 71: Long-Term Vision Section 5: Summary
Page 72: Exhibit A: California Water Recycli
Page 75 and 76: Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
Page 77 and 78: Contents Section 1 - Introduction C
Page 79 and 80: Craddock Consulting Engineers In As
Page 81 and 82: Section 1 Introduction Craddock Con
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Section 2 Implementation Considerat
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 3-1 I
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Section 3 Inventory of Major WWTPs
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Figure 3.6. Industrial Reuse Custom
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Figure 3.7b. Ground Water Availabil
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") Figure 3.8c. Cedar River Watersh
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") ") ") ") Figure 3.10c. Lower Mis
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Figure 3.12c. Mississippi River - H
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Figure 3.14b. Rainy River Watershed
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") Figure 3.16c. St. Croix River Wa
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Figure 3.18 Metro Area Industrial R
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G G Flying Cloud Dr !! G! G Figure
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Figure 3.22. Rogers WWTP - Industri
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G G G! Dodd Rd GG Figure 3.24. Rose
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G Figure 3.26. Hastings WWTP - Indu
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State Hwy 36 ! Figure 3.28. St. Cro
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Craddock Consulting Engineers In As
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Water Use Code Categories Minnesota
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Minnesota Water Use for All Categor
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Air Conditioning 0.2% Waterworks 15
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Minnesota Water Use, 2000-2004 - St
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Minnesota Water Use in 2004 (withou
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Minnesota Water Use in 2000 (withou
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UseCode by Year Minnesota Power Gen
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 350
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Minnesota Industrial Processing Fac
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Minnesota Industrial Processing Fac
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 120
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Water Use (MGD) Water Use (MGD) 13.
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Overview There are no federal regul
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Appendix B Status of Water Reuse Re
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Table 4. Examples of State Water Re
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Setback Distances Appendix B Status
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 3.5
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Table 3.9a. Industrial Water Use in
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Table 3.10a. Industrial Water Use i
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Table 3.10d. Industries in the Lowe
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 8 7
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Table 3.11d. Industries in the Minn
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Table 3.11d. Industries in the Minn
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WATER USE (MGD) WATER USE (MGD) 12
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Table 3.12c. Industries in the Miss
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Table 3.17c. Industries in the West
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MN Permit No Facility Minnesota Mun
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MN Permit No Facility Minnesota Mun
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Minnesota DNR Waters 2005 Ground-wa
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Permit No. Organization NAICS Code
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Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
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TM2: Sampling Plan and Results Recy
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Recommended Limits for Various Indu
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Exhibit B Blue Lake WWTP Sampling R
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MCES Blue Lake Plant Final Effluent
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Date Day of Wk MCES Blue Lake Plant
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MCES Empire Plant Final Effluent Sa
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Date Day of Wk 10/24/06 Tuesday 10/
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Exhibit D Metropolitan (Metro) WWTP
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MCES Metropolitan Plant Final Efflu
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Date Day of Wk 4/19/07 Thursday 4/2
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MCES Seneca Plant Final Effluent Sa
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Date Day of Wk 10/8/06 Sunday 10/9/
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Metropolitan Council Recycling Trea
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Section 5 - Costs Table of Contents
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TM3: Recycled Wastewater System Com
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WWTP 1 - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 1 Treatmen
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o Synthetic medium o Two-stage Surf
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Table 13 WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF
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Cost of Service, $/1000 gallon 1.00
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Cost of Service, $/1000 gallons 8.0
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Appendix A Water Reuse Regulatory E
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Table A-1. 2000 California Water Re
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California Department of Health Ser
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Other Media Type Filters Fuzzy Filt
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Appendix B TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM Rec
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Appendix B Reclaimed Water Transmis
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Exhibit 1 Transmission Main Cost To
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Pipe Installation Data (DR 18 PVC P
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Equipment Costs (with O&P) Item Des
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Water Reuse Pipe Line Construction
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Construction Unit Costs Item (2006
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Crew Costs (with O&P) St. Paul Pres
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Capital PROJECT Cost Curves for Rec
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow A
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow A
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $ Millio
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $/1000 g
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Annual Pipe Average Annual Velocity
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Pipe Capital Project Cost, $ Millio
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Exhibit 3 Water Reuse System O&M Co
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Diam (in) Annual Average Day Flow (
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Pumping Cost, $/1000 gallons 0.095
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Water Reuse System Estimated Cost o
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WATER REUSE SYSTEM COST OF SERVICE
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Appendix D-1 Water Reuse System Cos
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Water Reuse System Estimates of Pro
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Cost Curves as Basis for Tertiary 1
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Secondary Treatment Assumptions Sus
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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TM4: WWTP Effluent Quality Recyclin
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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Frequency of Occurrence, % Frequenc
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No. of Plants Total Permitting Desi
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Craddock Consulting Engineers 1 In
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1.0 Introduction This technical mem
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Exhibit A Regulatory Stakeholder Me
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MCES Recycling Treated Wastewater f
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Municipal Wastewater Reuse Regulato
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Exhibit B Industry Stakeholder Meet
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Recycling Treated Wastewater For In
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Institutional Issues Topic Discussi
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Exhibit C Broader Base Stakeholder
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Recycling Treated Municipal Wastewater for Industrial Water Use

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