INSIDE THE GURU'S GATE - Anpere

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Published on www.anpere.net in May 2008
Kristina Myrvold INSIDE THE GURU’S GATE R I T U A L U S E S O F T E X T S A M O N G T H E S I K H S I N V A R A N A S I L U N D S T U D I E S I N A F R I C A N A N D A S I A N R E L I G I O N S General Editor Tord Olsson V o l u m e 1 7 Depar tment of History a nd An thr opology of Religion s Lund University Lund, Sweden Published on www.anpere.net in May 2008
Page 1: Kristina Myrvold INSIDE THE GURU’
Page 5 and 6: Published on www.anpere.net in May
Page 7 and 8: PREFACE My research on the Sikhs in
Page 9 and 10: Singh Mann. He has provided me much
Page 11 and 12: CONTENTS PREFACE CONTENTS LIST OF F
Page 13 and 14: 3. FROM MANTRAS TO UNBROKEN READING
Page 15 and 16: Seeking Divine Assistance 426 The H
Page 17 and 18: L I S T O F F IGURES 1. Sikh popula
Page 19 and 20: INTRODUCTION When I first arrived a
Page 21 and 22: on Sikh conceptualizations and inte
Page 23 and 24: and suffer from physical or mental
Page 25 and 26: language and society. 10 In respons
Page 27 and 28: should focus on the culture-specifi
Page 29 and 30: At the same time an oral transmissi
Page 31 and 32: take up a great deal of space. The
Page 33 and 34: compositions for those who lived an
Page 35 and 36: debates, Douglas (1970) observed th
Page 37 and 38: itual theorists in recent decades h
Page 39 and 40: Humphrey & Laidlaw’s claim to pre
Page 41 and 42: their reasons and motives for engag
Page 43 and 44: ety. 75 Instead I made the study ce
Page 45 and 46: had witnessed and confirmed that I
Page 47 and 48: a method, which implies patience, h
Page 49 and 50: division which grants women an acti
Page 51 and 52: O N E THE SIKHS IN VARANASI IN SEA
Page 53 and 54:
the life and deeds of Guru Nanak. T
Page 55 and 56:
ies and how these processes are ins
Page 57 and 58:
particular ethnic background. The s
Page 59 and 60:
appeared before Guru Tegh Bahadur w
Page 61 and 62:
NANAK-PANTHIS AND PUNJABI SINGHS In
Page 63 and 64:
who were “wholly of a worldly and
Page 65 and 66:
litical actions would creep into th
Page 67 and 68:
POST-PARTITION In the Census report
Page 69 and 70:
to move to the house of their husba
Page 71 and 72:
taught through individual reading p
Page 73 and 74:
The historical presence of Punjabi
Page 75 and 76:
more inclined towards ritual worshi
Page 77 and 78:
propagate the Sikh religion. For Ba
Page 79 and 80:
The Khalsa ceremony itself is pregn
Page 81 and 82:
sify their religion as a synthesis
Page 83 and 84:
vented Jhulelal as the prime God of
Page 85 and 86:
HISTORY OF THE GURDWARA COMMITTEE A
Page 87 and 88:
venerated family members, who natur
Page 89 and 90:
the city testify that Sabharwal was
Page 91 and 92:
near the airport in the outskirts o
Page 93 and 94:
thorities consequently shut up the
Page 95 and 96:
campus. This changed drastically wi
Page 97 and 98:
Another popular non-profit organiza
Page 99 and 100:
micro-discursive accomplishment tha
Page 101 and 102:
identity to maintain a separate tra
Page 103 and 104:
The Valaitvali Janam-sakhi carries
Page 105 and 106:
events are plotted according to a m
Page 107 and 108:
Gurus. Other Nirmala establishments
Page 109 and 110:
of the story. This is accomplished
Page 111 and 112:
Ram pursued this knowledge from the
Page 113 and 114:
The three pandits are also attribut
Page 115 and 116:
transformation of those in the soci
Page 117 and 118:
assistance. It held a small room ar
Page 119 and 120:
commemoration day of Guru Tegh Baha
Page 121 and 122:
nectar-water. 233 Subsequently, all
Page 123 and 124:
often epitomize key persons and mom
Page 125 and 126:
Guru Gobind Singh meditates in the
Page 127 and 128:
living moment during which examples
Page 129 and 130:
T W O INSIDE THE GURU’S GATE CON
Page 131 and 132:
don’t have a guru there will be d
Page 133 and 134:
speaking of interaction contexts th
Page 135 and 136:
Nanak perceived himself as a messen
Page 137 and 138:
K: So were the Sikh Gurus of divine
Page 139 and 140:
irth in the form of Guru Nanak Dev
Page 141 and 142:
During his life time he waved the c
Page 143 and 144:
“Nanak says” within individual
Page 145 and 146:
answers are indicative of the exten
Page 147 and 148:
procession to Amritsar. To honor th
Page 149 and 150:
IMPLICATIONS OF SCRIPTURAL SUCCESSI
Page 151 and 152:
shown that cosmologies and systems
Page 153 and 154:
With the shift of authority, the sa
Page 155 and 156:
divine messages and enjoy the same
Page 157 and 158:
Local Sikhs will say that the Guru
Page 159 and 160:
PERSONIFYING A TEXT For students of
Page 161 and 162:
oth persons and inanimate “things
Page 163 and 164:
they also construct and maintain so
Page 165 and 166:
ciprocity, either for purely devoti
Page 167 and 168:
keeping langar can be traced back t
Page 169 and 170:
A JURIDICAL PERSON Perhaps the most
Page 171 and 172:
Guru. In a practice-oriented approa
Page 173 and 174:
large number of sites and buildings
Page 175 and 176:
or on the roof terrace. One family
Page 177 and 178:
gurdwara, or when they visit Sikh p
Page 179 and 180:
said that people pay respect to Nis
Page 181 and 182:
Nishan sahib in the courtyard, and
Page 183 and 184:
Gurus and weapons that have belonge
Page 185 and 186:
people”. To set up a place at whi
Page 187 and 188:
emnizing Guru Nanak and Guru Gobind
Page 189 and 190:
scriptures at their houses may visi
Page 191 and 192:
ply the audience with an expositive
Page 193 and 194:
ized undertakings, such as collecti
Page 195 and 196:
edroom, between which the scripture
Page 197 and 198:
ple in the ordinary social structur
Page 199 and 200:
To illustrate the significances whi
Page 201 and 202:
mon identity in the egalitarian com
Page 203 and 204:
the time of our conversations and c
Page 205 and 206:
MEDIATORS OF GURBANI In Varanasi th
Page 207 and 208:
to neighboring congregations. The r
Page 209 and 210:
GRACED GUIDES Whereas the above-men
Page 211 and 212:
audiocassettes and distributed worl
Page 213 and 214:
The performers I interviewed had ga
Page 215 and 216:
for an aspiring granthi, Bhai Jiopa
Page 217 and 218:
tation practices, which from a reli
Page 219 and 220:
ing. He should know the full Ardas
Page 221 and 222:
lieved to make his performances mor
Page 223 and 224:
pages is eternal and will never be
Page 225 and 226:
were hard to read and required that
Page 227 and 228:
When SGPC released the first one-vo
Page 229 and 230:
ture is thus conceived as a Guru to
Page 231 and 232:
prior to the physical touching of b
Page 233 and 234:
Sangat cleaning the road Panj Py
Page 235 and 236:
order to keep the route pure in hon
Page 237 and 238:
ered. In equally many homes the you
Page 239 and 240:
ises do not satisfy these requireme
Page 241 and 242:
establishes new bonds between the G
Page 243 and 244:
the ashes in large bedecked urns an
Page 245 and 246:
tion conducted the cremation ceremo
Page 247 and 248:
congregate in the scriptural hospic
Page 249 and 250:
Granth Sahib has its own life-cycle
Page 251 and 252:
T H R E E FROM MANTRAS TO UNBROKEN
Page 253 and 254:
ogy has made it possible to mass-pr
Page 255 and 256:
The ultimate learning of gurbani is
Page 257 and 258:
social life and mind. As such, reci
Page 259 and 260:
night, which marks the break of a n
Page 261 and 262:
the hair is veiled and the feet are
Page 263 and 264:
ought to an end by reading Kirtan S
Page 265 and 266:
MEMORIZED HYMNS (Number of informan
Page 267 and 268:
Looking at the ways in which Amritd
Page 269 and 270:
etween human and God, either to see
Page 271 and 272:
India, the notion of chilla denotes
Page 273 and 274:
able to complete and make a promise
Page 275 and 276:
ecited after the Guru Granth Sahib
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(Akhand path), which is to be perfo
Page 279 and 280:
RECITING THE GURU GRANTH SAHIB Sinc
Page 281 and 282:
The Sikhs have developed various sy
Page 283 and 284:
work in Varanasi I quickly lost cou
Page 285 and 286:
formance has been located to the do
Page 287 and 288:
of the scripture in one hour, but t
Page 289 and 290:
Hukam and render the verse twice be
Page 291 and 292:
professional reciters who read in r
Page 293 and 294:
of an Akhand path performed after t
Page 295 and 296:
cal savour of the divine that is be
Page 297 and 298:
(path), music (kirtan) and distribu
Page 299 and 300:
The two types of nectars have power
Page 301 and 302:
The Guru’s wife added sugar becau
Page 303 and 304:
water. An elderly Amritdhari woman,
Page 305 and 306:
the musical components of kirtan sh
Page 307 and 308:
and genuine. Preserving the origina
Page 309 and 310:
standings and experiences of gurban
Page 311 and 312:
DAILY SERVICES In a gurdwara there
Page 313 and 314:
Whichever of these ragas they selec
Page 315 and 316:
mind and affects the audience’s p
Page 317 and 318:
verses and the fortieth verse of th
Page 319 and 320:
to understand. Because of the scrip
Page 321 and 322:
anecdotes with quoted hymns. 529 On
Page 323 and 324:
moral point or a religious idea in
Page 325 and 326:
discussions in the congregation and
Page 327 and 328:
and sangat-pangat - the holy congre
Page 329 and 330:
- “This will happen. I have decid
Page 331 and 332:
Bhai Gurdas (1551-1636), the term V
Page 333 and 334:
liable to spirit possession and oth
Page 335 and 336:
devotional activities. The young ma
Page 337 and 338:
the name. The musician may lead the
Page 339 and 340:
Simran sadhna on cassette In additi
Page 341 and 342:
modern interpretations of the Sikh
Page 343 and 344:
Guru Gobind Singh when he formed th
Page 345 and 346:
ATTENTIVE BODY POSTURE The most dis
Page 347 and 348:
Thy command. Thine condition and ex
Page 349 and 350:
all the desires and tasks are accom
Page 351 and 352:
easons and motives. In the textual
Page 353 and 354:
The rendering of Ardas thus stands
Page 355 and 356:
God. Seva has power to cultivate hu
Page 357 and 358:
of the divine name, to emphasize th
Page 359 and 360:
heavy mud. When Sikhs became aware
Page 361 and 362:
Although the perfect devotee should
Page 363 and 364:
eing presented as offerings to the
Page 365 and 366:
F O U R PRACTICES IN TIMES OF ORDE
Page 367 and 368:
following descriptive account on Si
Page 369 and 370:
pregnancy. 590 When a newly wed cou
Page 371 and 372:
themes of a written gurbani hymn de
Page 373 and 374:
ery, unless she falls ill or for so
Page 375 and 376:
It is noteworthy that the amrit giv
Page 377 and 378:
while uttering the name of God (Vah
Page 379 and 380:
identify the bearer’s geographica
Page 381 and 382:
as to how to wash, dry and comb the
Page 383 and 384:
code of conduct. As he said, all ha
Page 385 and 386:
When a Sikh couple and good friends
Page 387 and 388:
the woman. Emotionally these suhag
Page 389 and 390:
ing a married woman and which she s
Page 391 and 392:
their parents are requested to stan
Page 393 and 394:
ide’s brother then escorts her to
Page 395 and 396:
his bed to make him prepared for th
Page 397 and 398:
When the relatives from Punjab arri
Page 399 and 400:
The dead body is brought into the c
Page 401 and 402:
did not require the attention of ot
Page 403 and 404:
Sikh woman said: “We used to ask
Page 405 and 406:
hand path of the Guru Granth Sahib
Page 407 and 408:
On the thirteenth day or the sevent
Page 409 and 410:
ation of a deceased person justifie
Page 411 and 412:
solar Gregorian calendar, while mos
Page 413 and 414:
in the Sikh history: the birth of G
Page 415 and 416:
The Nanakshahi samat jantri which i
Page 417 and 418:
particular deity or deities in the
Page 419 and 420:
a main attraction on anniversary da
Page 421 and 422:
the practice of simran and during t
Page 423 and 424:
Children representing the panj pyar
Page 425 and 426:
pants who represent different Sikh
Page 427 and 428:
Nagar kirtan is a means for propaga
Page 429 and 430:
Immediately after Arti, the granthi
Page 431 and 432:
In the evening of the gurpurub the
Page 433 and 434:
on North Indian festivals. 665 In t
Page 435 and 436:
ulate the fire for an uneven number
Page 437 and 438:
At Varanasi, like many other places
Page 439 and 440:
customary Arti ceremony was perform
Page 441 and 442:
about the humble Bhai Kanhaiya, off
Page 443 and 444:
punishments for misdeeds they have
Page 445 and 446:
The most common approach to allevia
Page 447 and 448:
One verse which stood out remarkabl
Page 449 and 450:
water from Sitala Mandir near river
Page 451 and 452:
as they are believed to be unsatisf
Page 453 and 454:
But Mata ji’s death was not defin
Page 455 and 456:
was the shadow of a Muslim girl, a
Page 457 and 458:
BABA VADBHAG SINGH When I first met
Page 459 and 460:
The enemy is no longer a human iden
Page 461 and 462:
where Vadbhag Singh continues his s
Page 463 and 464:
connection with this event Kuku ji
Page 465 and 466:
pected decline in a business is sus
Page 467 and 468:
F I V E CONSTRUCTING MEANINGS CONT
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interpretation of activities define
Page 471 and 472:
action. 714 These constructs may in
Page 473 and 474:
CONTEXUALIZATION AND ENTEXTUALIZATI
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texualization can be achieved throu
Page 477 and 478:
Another discourse somewhat relevant
Page 479 and 480:
As Austin argues, performative utte
Page 481 and 482:
nous “performativist” to the mo
Page 483 and 484:
and religious ceremonies, discourse
Page 485 and 486:
concern for the formal character of
Page 487 and 488:
the human Gurus, Guru Granth Sahib
Page 489 and 490:
Satnam Vahiguru in a repetitive man
Page 491 and 492:
Examples of STATED REASONS FOR PERF
Page 493 and 494:
shall arrange Akhand path “for th
Page 495 and 496:
name of the deceased. Some said the
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etween the two references. The gurb
Page 499 and 500:
Guru, which is always adaptable to
Page 501 and 502:
variations with the eternal “cano
Page 503 and 504:
engaging in religious action. The w
Page 505 and 506:
ealization is presented in terms of
Page 507 and 508:
divine writing (likhna). 802 The fo
Page 509 and 510:
with the divine words through conti
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life... that I do not have to suffe
Page 513 and 514:
SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA (SUMMARY
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minoritet i en hinduisk pilgrimssta
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GURPURUBS IN THE NANAKSHAHI CALENDA
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POH (DECEMBER/JANUARY) Prakash diva
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Divali Katak People perform puja to
Page 523 and 524:
GLOSSARY OF SELECTED FOREIGN TERMS
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Jap - meditation and repetition of
Page 527 and 528:
Ragi - a professional singer of kir
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REFERENCES ABBREVIATIONS GGS Guru G
Page 531 and 532:
Amrit Kirtan[Nectar Praises (Punjab
Page 533 and 534:
Anand, G. S. 1970. ”Guru Tegh Bah
Page 535 and 536:
Briggs, Geo. W. 1997 (1920). The Ch
Page 537 and 538:
Fenech, Louis E. 2003. “Conversat
Page 539 and 540:
Hein, Norvin. 1972. The Miracle Pla
Page 541 and 542:
Kaushal, Molly (ed.). 2001. Chanted
Page 543 and 544:
― (ed.). 1990. India through Hind
Page 545 and 546:
Nijhawan, Michael. 2006a. “Ritual
Page 547 and 548:
Schildkrout, Enid. 2004. “Inscrib
Page 549 and 550:
Singh, Gurnek. 1998. Guru Granth Sa
Page 551 and 552:
Veidlinger, Daniel. 2006. “When a
Page 553 and 554:
LUND STUDIES IN HISTORY OF RELIGION
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