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preface to fifteenth edition

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11.4 SECTION 11<br />

TABLE 11.2 Molecular Lowering of the Melting or Freezing Point<br />

Cryoscopic constants.<br />

The cryoscopic constant K ƒ gives the depression of the melting point T (in degrees Celsius) produced when 1<br />

mol of solute is dissolved in 1000 g of a solvent. It is applicable only <strong>to</strong> dilute solutions for which the number<br />

of moles of solute is negligible in comparison with the number of moles of solvent. It is often used for molecular<br />

weight determinations.<br />

1000w K<br />

M2 w 1 T<br />

where w 1 is the weight of the solvent and w 2 is the weight of the solute whose molecular weight is M 2 .<br />

2 ƒ<br />

Compound K ƒ Compound K ƒ<br />

Acetamide 4.04 Diphenylamine 8.60<br />

Acetic acid 3.90 Diphenyl ether 7.88<br />

Ace<strong>to</strong>ne 2.40 1,2-Ethanediamine 2.43<br />

Ammonia 0.957 Ethoxybenzene 7.15<br />

Aniline 5.87 Formamide 3.85<br />

Antimony(III) chloride 17.95 Formic acid 2.77<br />

Benzene 5.12 Glycerol 3.3 <strong>to</strong> 3.7<br />

Benzonitrile 5.34 Hexamethylphosphoramide 6.93<br />

Benzophenone 9.8<br />

Bicyclohexane 14.52 N-Methylacetamide 6.65<br />

Biphenyl 8.0 2-Methyl-2-butanol 10.4<br />

Borneol 35.8 Methylcyclohexane 14.13<br />

Bornylamine 40.6 Methyl cis-9-octadecenoate 3.4<br />

Butanedinitrile 18.26 2-Methyl-2-propanol 8.37<br />

Camphene 31.08 Naphthalene 6.94<br />

Camphoquinone 45.7 Nitrobenzene 6.852<br />

D-()-Camphor 39.7 Octadecanoic acid 4.50<br />

Carbon tetrachloride 29.8 2-Oxohexamethyleneimine 7.30<br />

o-Cresol 5.60 Phenol 7.40<br />

p-Cresol 6.96 Pyridine 4.75<br />

Cyclohexane 20.0 Quinoline 1.95<br />

Cyclohexanol 39.3 Succinonitrile 18.26<br />

Cyclohexylcyclohexane 14.52 Sulfuric acid 1.86<br />

Cyclopentadecanone 21.3 1,1,2,2-Tetrabromoethane 21.7<br />

cis-Decahydronaphthalene 19.47 1,1,2,2-Tetrachlorotrans-Decahydronaphthalene<br />

20.81 1,2-difluoroethane 37.7<br />

Dibenz[de,kl]anthracene 25.7 Tetramethylene sulfone 64.1<br />

Dibenzyl ether 6.27 p-Toluidine 5.372<br />

1,2-Dibromoethane 12.5 Tribromomethane 14.4<br />

Diethyl ether 1.79 1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-oxabicyclo-<br />

1,2-Dimethoxybenzene 6.38 [2.2.2.]octane 6.7<br />

N,N-Dimethylacetamide 4.46 Triphenylmethane 12.45<br />

2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanol 11.0 Water 1.86<br />

Dimethyl sulfoxide 4.07 p-Xylene 4.3<br />

1,4-Dioxane 4.63

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